Back

Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi var. grandifolia

Family Name:	Rubiaceae
Common Name:	Pink River Ixora, Jarum Hutan, Kelat Tandok, Segading Jantan

Ixora grandifolia var. grandifolia, also known as Pink River Ixora, is a shrub or tree that can reach up to 18 m tall, making it the tallest species in the genus. It is found in rainforests and swamp forests, and produces fragrant white tubular flowers that are sometimes pink-tipped. This species is native to Singapore and presumed to be nationally extinct locally.

Full Sun

Moderate Water

Bird-Attracting Plant

Native to Singapore

Fragrant Plant

Ornamental Flowers

Shrub

Tree

Name

Family Name
Genus Epithet
Species Epithet
Infraspecific Epithet
Name Authority
Name Status (botanical)
Common Names
Comments
Species Summary

Classifications and Characteristics

Plant Division	Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
Plant Growth Form	Tree, Shrub
Maximum Height	18 m

Biogeography

Native Distribution	From Thailand and throughout Malesia (including Singapore).
Native Habitat	Terrestrial
Preferred Climate Zone	Tropical

Local Conservation Status

Native to Singapore (Presumed Nationally Extinct (NEx))

Description and Ethnobotany

Growth Form	It is a shrub or tree that can reach up to 18 m tall.
Foliage	The leaves are elliptic or ovate (14 −15.5 cm long and 7 − 9.5 cm wide), leathery and in opposite arrangement. The leaf tip is blunt while the leaf base is rounded or heart-shaped. Each leaf has 9 – 10 pairs of lateral veins. The stipule is broadly triangular and the leaf stalk (petiole) is about 1.2 – 1.5 cm long.
Flowers	The inflorescence is upright and about 13 cm long. The flowers are fragrant, tubular (about 3cm long), with white petals that are sometimes pink-tipped.

Fruit	The fruit is berry-like, nearly globose to strongly two-lobed, measuring about 1 cm long and 1.2 cm wide. It is green when immature, gradually ripening to red and finally black.
Habitat	It is found in rainforests and swamp forests, up to 400 m altitude.
Associated Fauna	Flowers are pollinated by insects.
Cultivation	It can be propagated by seed.
Etymology	The genus Ixora is the name of Malabar deity, Iswara. The specific epithet grandifolia means large leaves.

Landscaping Features

Desirable Plant Features	Ornamental Flowers, Fragrant
Landscape Uses	Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Reforestation

Fauna, Pollination and Dispersal

Fauna Pollination Dispersal Associated Fauna	Bird-Attracting
Pollination Method(s)	Biotic (Fauna)
Seed or Spore Dispersal	Biotic (Fauna)

Plant Care and Propagation

Light Preference	Full Sun
Water Preference	Moderate Water
Plant Growth Rate	Moderate

Rootzone Tolerance	Well-Drained Soils
Propagation Method	Seed

Foliar

Mature Foliage Colour(s)	Green
Foliar Type	Simple / Unifoliate
Foliar Arrangement Along Stem	Opposite

Foliar Attachment to Stem	Petiolate
Foliar Margin	Entire
Foliar Base	Rounded / Obtuse, Cordate
Leaf Area Index (LAI) for Green Plot Ratio	4.5 (Shrub & Groundcover - Dicot)

Non - Foliar and Storage

Trunk Type (Non Palm)	Woody
Root Type	Underground

Floral (Angiosperm)

Flower & Plant Sexuality	Bisexual Flowers
Flower Colour(s)	White
Flower Grouping	Cluster / Inflorescence

Flower Location	Axillary
Flower Symmetry	Radial
Individual Flower Shape	Tubular

Fruit, Seed and Spore

Mature Fruit Colour(s)	Black
Fruit Classification	Simple Fruit
Fruit Type	Fleshy Fruit , Non-Accessory Fruit

Seed Quantity Per Fruit

Few (1-5)

References

References	<1> Keng, H. (1990). The Concise Flora of Singapore: Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Singapore: Singapore University Press. <2> Wong, K.M., Turner, I.M., Wang, R.J., Harwood, R., Seah, W.W., Ng, X.Y., Lim, R.C.J., Lua, H.K. & Mahyuni, R. (2019). Rubiaceae. In: Middleton, D.J., Leong-Škorničková, J. & Lindsay, S. (ed.) Flora of Singapore, vol. 13, pp. 1–358. Singapore: National Parks Board.

References

<1> Keng, H. (1990). The Concise Flora of Singapore: Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

<2> Wong, K.M., Turner, I.M., Wang, R.J., Harwood, R., Seah, W.W., Ng, X.Y., Lim, R.C.J., Lua, H.K. & Mahyuni, R. (2019). Rubiaceae. In: Middleton, D.J., Leong-Škorničková, J. & Lindsay, S. (ed.) Flora of Singapore, vol. 13, pp. 1–358. Singapore: National Parks Board.

Image Repository

Images

Others

Master ID	839
Species ID	2134
Flora Disclaimer	The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. It is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and NParks does not purport to provide any medical advice. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes.