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Galearia maingayi Hook.f.
| Family Name: | Pandaceae |
| Common Name: | Minyak Beruk, Dadali, Merbatu, Peropok |
Galearia maingayi or Minyak Beruk is a medium to large sized tree that is native to Singapore. Reaching up to 35 m tall, it produces leathery leaves with dense hairs covering the midrib and veinlets. Flowers are dioecious, very small, cup-shaped with hairy, hook-like petals held on an inflorescence. The male inflorescence is longer with each flower attached to thin stalk whereas female inflorescence are shorter, each flower attached to a thicker stalk. Fruit is a smooth, thick-walled flattened drupe that ripens from pale green to yellow-brown.
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Classifications and Characteristics
| Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon) |
|---|---|
| Plant Growth Form | Tree (Medium (16m-30m), Big (>30m)) |
| Maximum Height | 35 m |
Biogeography
| Native Distribution | Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines |
|---|---|
| Native Habitat | |
| Preferred Climate Zone | Tropical |
| Local Conservation Status | Native to Singapore (Critically Endangered (CR)) |
Description and Ethnobotany
| Growth Form | It is a medium to large sized tree with a light brown to brown-greenish or grey bark and can reach up to 35 m tall. Buttresses may be present up to 3 m tall. |
|---|---|
| Foliage | Leaves are leathery, egg-shaped to elliptic, oblong to lance-shaped, measuring 5.2 - 20.5 cm long, 2.1 - 6.7 cm wide held on a short angular petiole. The veinlets are looped, closed towards the margin, raised beneath. Densely hairs found along the midrib and veinlets on both surfaces. |
| Flowers | Flowers are dioecious, where the female and male flowers are borne on separate individuals. They are borne on an inflorescence produced on the tips of the branches. The male inflorescence measures between 13 - 21 cm in length, longer than the female inflorescence, 3- 8 cm long. Male Each flower is very small, 5-petalled, cup-shaped with hairy, hook-like petals bending inwards. The male flowers are greenish white to yellowish while the female flowers are pastel pink to brown held on a thicker flower stalk compared to a male flower. |
| Fruits | Fruit is a smooth, thick-walled flattened drupe with 3 - 5 ridges measuring to 4.5 cm long and 4 cm wide. The fruit turns from pale green to green and yellow-brown upon ripening held on a thick stalk of 4 - 5 mm wide. |
| Habitat | Occurs in primary forest, open secondary forest, dipterocarp forest, disturbed areas, swamps, commonly on ridges, upper valleys and hillsides, stream banks and roadsides up to 1200 m in altitude. <1, 2> |
| Cultivation | It can be propagated by seed. |
Plant Care and Propagation
| Light Preference | Full Sun |
|---|---|
| Water Preference | Moderate Water |
| Plant Growth Rate | Slow |
| Propagation Method | Seed |
Foliar
| Foliage Retention | Evergreen |
|---|---|
| Mature Foliage Colour(s) | Green |
| Prominent Young Flush Colour(s) | Green - Light Green |
| Foliar Type | Simple / Unifoliate |
| Foliar Arrangement Along Stem | Opposite |
| Foliar Attachment to Stem | Petiolate |
| Foliar Shape(s) | Non-Palm Foliage (Elliptical, Ovate, Oblong, Lanceolate) |
| Foliar Venation | Recticulate |
| Foliar Margin | Entire, Entire - Wavy / Undulate |
| Foliar Apex - Tip | Acuminate |
| Foliar Base | Acute, Attenuate |
Non - Foliar and Storage
| Stem Type & Modification | Woody |
|---|---|
| Root Type | Underground (Fibrous Root) |
Floral (Angiosperm)
| Flower & Plant Sexuality 1 | Unisexual Flowers |
|---|---|
| Flower & Plant Sexuality 2 | Dioecious |
| Flower Colour(s) | Green, White |
| Flower Texture(s) | Hairy / Hirsute |
| Flower Grouping | Cluster / Inflorescence |
| Flower Location | Terminal |
| Flower Symmetry | Radial |
| Flowering Habit | Polycarpic |
Fruit, Seed and Spore
| Mature Fruit Colour(s) - Angiosperms and Gymnosperms | Brown |
|---|---|
| Fruit Classification | Simple Fruit |
| Fruit Type 1 | Fleshy Fruit |
| Fruit Type 2 | Drupe |
References
| References | <1> Syahida-Emiza, S. (2013). Pandaceae. Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, ser. 2, Seed Plants, vol. 4, pp. 345 - 348. Selangor: Forest Research Institute Malaysia. <2> Welzen, P.C. Van (2011). Galearia. In: Welzen, P.C. van, (ed.) Pandaceae. Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Seed Plants, vol. 20, pp. 37. Leiden: Rijksherbarium. |
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Others
| Master ID | 34315 |
|---|---|
| Species ID | 8728 |
| Flora Disclaimer | The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. It is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and NParks does not purport to provide any medical advice. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes. |
