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Ixora concinna R.Br. ex Hook.f.

Family Name:	Rubiaceae
Synonyms:	Ixora parviflora auct. non Vahl <1>
Common Name:	Jenjarum

Ixora concinna or Jenjarum is an understorey large shrub to treelet native to Singapore. Growing to 8 m tall, it has elliptic to spoon shaped leaves with weakly looped veins. Flowers are fragrant, yellowish to pinkish-red, 4 narrowly elliptic, lance or linear lobes held on an inflorescence found near the tips of branches. The fruit is an almost round or slightly bilobed drupe holding 1 to 2 white, mottled in pink pyrenes. Upon maturity, the fruit matures from red to black.

Semi Shade

Moderate Water

Native to Singapore

Ornamental Flowers

Tree

Name

Family Name
Genus Epithet
Species Epithet
Name Authority
Synonyms
Common Names
Comments
Species Summary

Classifications and Characteristics

Plant Division	Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
Plant Growth Form	Tree (Small (6m-15m))
Lifespan (in Singapore)	Perennial

Mode of Nutrition	Autotrophic
Maximum Height	8 m

Biogeography

Native Distribution	Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Borneo
Native Habitat	Terrestrial (Primary Rainforest, Secondary Rainforest)
Preferred Climate Zone	Tropical

Local Conservation Status

Native to Singapore (Presumed Nationally Extinct (NEx))

Description and Ethnobotany

Growth Form	It is an understorey large shrub to treelet that can grow to 8 m tall.
Foliage	Leaves are elliptic to spoon-shaped, 7 - 9 pairs of lateral veins weakly looped near the margins. The veinlets are faint on the lower surface. The leaves are held on a short petiole from 0.4 - 1 cm long.
Flowers	Flowers are fragrant, tubular with 4 narrow elliptic to lance or linear lobes, yellowish to pinkish-red resting on an inversed triangular base. The flowers have broad triangular to egg-shaped calyx lobes held on a multi-branched inflorescence found at the tips of branches.

Fruit	The fruit is an almost-round or slightly bilobed drupe, holding 1 - 2 pyrenes. Pyrenes are white, mottled in pink, consist of 1 seed each. Upon maturity, the drupe ripens from red to black.
Habitat	Occurs in lowland forests.
Cultivation	It can be propagated by seed. <2>
Etymology	The genus, Ixora dereived from ishvara, a deity in Sanskrit, the classical language of the Brahmans in India. The species epithet, concinna Latin, concinnus = elegant; referring to the inflorescences and slender corollas.

Landscaping Features

Desirable Plant Features	Ornamental Flowers

Plant Care and Propagation

Light Preference	Semi-Shade
Water Preference	Moderate Water
Plant Growth Rate	Moderate

Rootzone Tolerance	Fertile Loamy Soils, Well-Drained Soils
Propagation Method	Seed

Foliar

Foliage Retention	Evergreen
Foliar Modification	Stipule
Foliar Type	Simple / Unifoliate

Foliar Arrangement Along Stem	Opposite
Foliar Attachment to Stem	Petiolate
Foliar Shape(s)	Non-Palm Foliage (Elliptical, Obovate)
Foliar Venation	Pinnate / Net
Foliar Margin	Entire
Foliar Apex - Tip	Acute, Cuspidate
Foliar Base	Cuneate

Non - Foliar and Storage

Stem Type & Modification	Woody

Floral (Angiosperm)

Flower & Plant Sexuality	Bisexual Flowers , Bisexual Flowers
Flower Colour(s)	Pink, Red, Yellow / Golden

Flower Grouping	Cluster / Inflorescence
Flower Location	Terminal
Flower Symmetry	Radial
Individual Flower Shape	Salverform
Flowering Habit	Polycarpic

Fruit, Seed and Spore

Mature Fruit Colour(s)	Black
Fruit Classification	Simple Fruit
Fruit Type	Fleshy Fruit , Drupe

References

References	<1> Ridley, H.N. (1900). The flora of Singapore. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 33: 97. <2> Wong, K.M. et. al. (2019). Ixora. Flora of Singapore, vol. 13, pp. 138. Singapore: Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board.