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Hopea ferruginea Parijs
| Family Name: | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Synonyms: | Hopea intermedia (non King) Foxw., Hopea micrantha (non Hook.f.) Dyer, Hopea myrtifolia (non Miq.) Heyne, Hopea pierrei (non Hance) Foxw. |
| Common Name: | Banjutan, Betotas, Bunyit, Damar mata kuching, Damar putih, Luis, Merawan putih, anakan, Selangan, Selangan batu, Selangan penak |
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Name
Classifications and Characteristics
| Plant Division | Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) |
|---|---|
| Plant Growth Form | Tree (Big (>30m)) |
| Lifespan (in Singapore) | Perennial |
| Mode of Nutrition | Autotrophic |
| Plant Shape | Broad / Mushroom / Hemispherical |
| Maximum Height | 41 m |
| Tree or Palm – Trunk Diameter | 59 cm |
Biogeography
| Native Distribution | From Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore to Sumatra, east to Borneo and the Philippines |
|---|---|
| Native Habitat | Terrestrial (Primary Rainforest) |
| Preferred Climate Zone | Tropical |
| Local Conservation Status | Native to Singapore (Critically Endangered (CR)) |
Description and Ethnobotany
| Growth Form | Tall tree, up to 41 m tall and 59 cm diameter at breast height. |
|---|---|
| Trunk | Trunk with resin when cut. |
| Foliage | Leaves are simple, arranged in an alternate fashion. The secondary veins are inconspicuous, close to each other and occasionally possess domatia. |
| Flowers | The yellow flowers are about 4 mm wide, borne on short inflorescences. |
| Fruit | The fruit is about 7 mm long with two wings that are about 30 mm long. |
| Habitat | In dipterocarp forests, hillsides and ridges, from sea level up to 1500 m. |
| Etymology | The genus Hopea was named in honour of Dr John Hope (1725-1786) who was a Scottish botanist at the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. The sepcific epithet ferruginea means 'rusty brown' in Latin. |
Landscaping Features
| Landscaping | This tree is suitable for planting in parks and large gardens. |
|---|---|
| Desirable Plant Features | Ornamental Foliage |
| Landscape Uses | General, Parks & Gardens |
Fauna, Pollination and Dispersal
| Pollination Method(s) | Biotic (Fauna) |
|---|---|
| Seed or Spore Dispersal | Abiotic |
Plant Care and Propagation
| Light Preference | Full Sun, Semi-Shade |
|---|---|
| Water Preference | Moderate Water |
| Plant Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Rootzone Tolerance | Moist Soils |
| Propagation Method | Seed |
Foliar
| Foliage Retention | Evergreen |
|---|---|
| Mature Foliage Colour(s) | Green |
| Mature Foliage Texture(s) | Leathery |
| Prominent Young Flush Colour(s) | Red |
| Young Flush Texture(s) | Leathery |
| Foliar Type | Simple / Unifoliate |
| Foliar Arrangement Along Stem | Alternate |
| Foliar Attachment to Stem | Petiolate |
| Foliar Shape(s) | Non-Palm Foliage (Elliptical) |
| Foliar Venation | Pinnate / Net |
| Foliar Margin | Entire |
| Foliar Apex - Tip | Acuminate |
| Foliar Base | Oblique / Asymmetrical |
Non - Foliar and Storage
| Branch Angle (wrt vertical) | Acute |
|---|---|
| Trunk Type (Non Palm) | Woody |
| Root Type | Underground (Tap Root) |
Floral (Angiosperm)
| Flower Colour(s) | Yellow / Golden |
|---|---|
| Flower Grouping | Cluster / Inflorescence |
| Flower Symmetry | Radial |
| Inflorescence Type | Panicle |
| Flowering Period | Every Few Years |
| Flower Size | 4 mm |
Fruit, Seed and Spore
| Fruit Classification | Simple Fruit |
|---|---|
| Fruit Type | Indehiscent Dry Fruit , Nut / Nutlet |
| Seed Quantity Per Fruit | Few (1-5) |
References
| References | Khoo, M.S., Chua, S.C. and Lum, S.K.Y. 2018. An annotated list of new records for Singapore: results from large-scale tree surveys at the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 70 (1): 57–65. |
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Image Repository
Others
| Master ID | 31165 |
|---|---|
| Species ID | 5559 |
| Flora Disclaimer | The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. It is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and NParks does not purport to provide any medical advice. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes. |
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