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Echinodermata - Sea Stars, Feather Stars, Brittle Stars, Sea Cucumbers and Sea Urchins

The table below lists the conservation statuses of the species in this taxon assessed under the Singapore Red List as published in the 2nd and 3rd editions of the Singapore Red Data Book (RDB2 and RDB3 respectively).

The information is accurate as at the time of the listing.

Note

You can find more information about these species in Flora & Fauna Web

CategoryAbbreviationCriteria
Not ThreatenedLeast ConcernLCNot approaching threatened status
Near-ThreatenedNTClose to becoming threatened or may meet the criteria for threatened status in the near future
ThreatenedVulnerableVUThere are more than 250 but fewer than 1,000 mature individuals, and there may or may not be any other evidence of decline, small range size or fragmentation.
EndangeredENThere are fewer than 250 mature individuals and no other evidence of decline or fragmentation.
Critically EndangeredCRThere are fewer than 50 mature individuals, OR if more than 50 mature individuals but less than 250, with some evidence of decline or fragmentation.
Extirpation & ExtinctionPresumed Nationally ExtinctNExThe species is extinct (extirpated) within Singapore but it still survives outside Singapore.
Globally ExtinctEXThe species is extinct all over the world, both in the wild and in cultivation
Other CategoriesData DeficientDDInadequate information to make an informed assessment
Not ApplicableNASpecies that are not eligible for assessment at the national level (mainly introduced taxa and vagrants)
Not EvaluatedNESpecies that are possibly eligible for assessment but have not yet been evaluated against the criteria
Not ListedNLSpecies not listed in the records (in the IUCN Global Red List database, or the first and second edition of the Singapore Red Data Book (RDB1 and RDB2)
FamilyGenusSpeciesAuthorityCommon NameRDB2RDB3
CaudinidaeAcaudinaleucoprocta(H. L. Clark, 1938) Not ListedVU
CaudinidaeAcaudinamolpadioides(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
CaudinidaeAcaudinarosettisO'Loughlin & Ong, 2015 Not ListedVU
CaudinidaeAcaudinasp. A  Not ListedNE
CaudinidaeAcaudinasp. B  Not ListedNE
CaudinidaeParacaudinaaustralis(Semper, 1868)See-through sea cucumberNot ListedVU
CaudinidaeParacaudinachilensis(Muller, 1850) Not ListedVU
CucumariidaeActinocucumiscf. typicaLudwig, 1875 Not ListedVU
CucumariidaeActinocucumissp.  Not ListedNE
CucumariidaeCerodemasancepsSelenka, 1867Pink warty sea cucumberNot ListedVU
CucumariidaeColochirusquadrangularisTroschel, 1846Thorny sea cucumberNot ListedNT
CucumariidaeColochirussp.  Not ListedVU
CucumariidaeCucumaridsp. A  Not ListedNE
CucumariidaeCucumaridsp. B  Not ListedNE
CucumariidaeCucumaridsp. C  Not ListedNE
CucumariidaeLeptopentactaimbricata(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
CucumariidaeMensamariaintercedens(Lampert, 1885)Orange sea cucumberNot ListedVU
CucumariidaePentactasp.  Not ListedNE
CucumariidaePlesiocolochiruscf. australis(Ludwig, 1875) Not ListedVU
CucumariidaePlesiocolochirussp.  Not ListedNE
CucumariidaePseudocolochirusviolaceus(Théel, 1886)Sea-apple sea cucumberVUVU
HolothuriidaeActinopygalecanora(Jaeger, 1833)Stonefish sea cucumberNot ListedVU
HolothuriidaeActinopygasp.  Not ListedNE
HolothuriidaeBohadschiaocellataJaeger, 1833Polka-dotted sea cucumberNot ListedVU
HolothuriidaeBohadschiavitiensis(Semper, 1868)Brown sandfish sea cucumberNot ListedEN
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Halodeima)edulisLesson, 1830Pinkfish sea cucumberNot ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Lessonothuria)pardalisSelenka, 1867Bantunan [Bahasa Indonesia]Not ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Lessonothuria)sp.  Not ListedNE
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Mertensiothuria)leucospilota(Brandt, 1835)White threadsfish sea cucumberVUEN
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Mertensiothuria)sp.  Not ListedNE
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Metriatyla)albiventerSemper, 1867Beige sea cucumberNot ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Metriatyla)martensiSemper, 1868 Not ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Metriatyla)scabraJaeger, 1833Sandfish sea cucumberVUEN
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Metriatyla)sp.  Not ListedNE
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Platyperona)crosnieriCherbonnier, 1988 Not ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Platyperona)difficilisSemper, 1868Difficult sea cucumberNot ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Stauropora)fuscocinereaJaeger, 1833Ashy pink sea cucumberNot ListedVU
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Theelothuria)notabilisLudwig, 1875Remarkable sea cucumberNot ListedEN
HolothuriidaeHolothuria (Thymiosycia)impatiens(Forsskål, 1775)Bottleneck sea cucumberNot ListedVU
PelagothuriidaePelagothuriasp.  Not ListedNE
PhyllophoridaeHemithyonesemperi(Bell, 1884) Not ListedVU
PhyllophoridaeHemithyonesp.  Not ListedNE
PhyllophoridaePhyllophorellakohkutiensis(Heding & Panning, 1954) Not ListedVU
PhyllophoridaePhyllophorellaspiculata(Chang, 1935)Ball sea cucumberNot ListedVU
PhyllophoridaeStolusbuccalis(Stimpson, 1856) Not ListedVU
PhyllophoridaeStolussp.  Not ListedNE
PhyllophoridaeThorsoniaadversaria(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
PhyllophoridaeThorsoniasp.  Not ListedNE
PhyllophoridaeThyonesp. A  Not ListedNE
PhyllophoridaeThyonesp. B  Not ListedNE
PhyllophoridaeThyonesp. C  Not ListedNE
PsolidaePsolidiumhelenaeOng & O'Loughlin, 2019 Not ListedVU
PsolidaePsolidiumwongaeOng & O'Loughlin, 2019 Not ListedVU
SclerodactylidaeAfrocucumisafricana(Semper, 1867)Little African sea cucumberNot ListedVU
SclerodactylidaeCladolabeshamatus(Sluiter, 1914)Plasticky sea cucumberNot ListedVU
SclerodactylidaeGlobositasp. Ball sea cucumberNot ListedNE
SclerodactylidaeHavelockiasp.  Not ListedNE
StichopodidaeStichopusaff. Monotuberculatus(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) Not ListedNE
StichopodidaeStichopuschloronotusBrandt, 1835Greenfish sea cucumberNot ListedVU
StichopodidaeStichopusherrmanniSemper, 1868Curryfish sea cucumberNot ListedEN
StichopodidaeStichopushorrensSelenka, 1867Durian sea cucumberNot ListedVU
StichopodidaeStichopusocellatusMassin, Zulfigar, Hwai & Boss, 2002Ocellated sea cucumberVUEN
StichopodidaeStichopusvastusSluiter, 1887Zebrafish sea cucumberNot ListedEN
SynaptidaeAnaptagracilisSemper, 1867 Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeOpheodesomagrisea(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaePolyplectanakefersteinii(Selenka, 1867) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeProtankyrabidentata(Woodward & Barett, 1858) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeProtankyrapseudodigitata(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeProtankyrascaphiaO'Loughling & Ong, 2015 Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeProtankyrasp.  Not ListedNE
SynaptidaeSynaptulacf. recta(Semper, 1952) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeSynaptulaminimaHeding, 1928 Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeSynaptularecta(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeSynaptulareticulata(Semper, 1867) Not ListedVU
SynaptidaeSynaptulasp. A  Not ListedNE
SynaptidaeSynaptulasp. B  Not ListedNE
SynaptidaeSynaptulasp. C  Not ListedNE
HimerometridaeAmphimetracf. discoidea  Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeAmphimetraensiferAH Clark, 1908 Not ListedNT
HimerometridaeAmphimetramolleriAH Clark, 1908 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeAnneissiabennettiMüller, 1841 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeCapillastercf. tenuicirrus  Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeCapillastermultiradiatusLinnaeus, 1758 Not ListedNT
ComatulidaeCapillastersentosusCarpenter, 1888 Not ListedDD
ColobometridaeCenometrabellaHartlaub, 1890 Not ListedDD
ColobometridaeColobometraperspinosaCarpenter, 1881 Not ListedVU
ComatulidaeComanthusparvicirrusMüller, 1841 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeComastermultifidusMüller, 1841 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeComasterschlegeliiCarpenter, 1881 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeComatula (Comatula)purpureaMüller, 1843 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaeComatulacf. pectinata  Not ListedLC
ComatulidaeComatulacf. solaris  Not ListedLC
ComatulidaeComatulasp.  Not ListedLC
HimerometridaeCraspedometraacuticirraCarpenter, 1882 Not ListedDD
ColobometridaeDecametrainformisCarpenter, 1888 Not ListedDD
ColobometridaeDecametramylittaAH Clark, 1912 Not ListedDD
ColobometridaeDecametrasp.  Not ListedDD
MariametridaeDichrometraflagellataMüller, 1841 Not ListedDD
AntedonidaeDorometracf. nana  Not ListedDD
AntedonidaeDorometraparvicirraCarpenter, 1888 Not ListedVU
HimerometridaeHeterometraaffinisHartlaub, 1890 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHeterometraamboinaeAH Clark, 1912 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHeterometrabengalensisHartlaub, 1890 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHeterometraproductaAH Clark, 1908 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHeterometraquinduplicavaCarpenter, 1888 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHeterometraschlegeliiAH Clark, 1908 Not ListedLC
HimerometridaeHeterometrasingularisAH Clark, 1909 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHimerometrabartschiAH Clark, 1908 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHimerometramartensiHartlaub, 1890 Not ListedDD
HimerometridaeHimerometrarobustipinnaCarpenter, 1881Red feather starDDLC
HimerometridaeHomalometracrenulata(Carpenter, 1882) Not ListedDD
MariametridaeLamprometrapalmataMüller, 1841 Not ListedDD
ColobometridaeOligometraserripinnaCarpenter, 1881 Not ListedNT
ComatulidaePhanogeniagracilisHartlaub, 1893 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaePhanogeniaschoenoviAH Clark, 1918 Not ListedDD
ComatulidaePhanogeniatypicaLovén, 1866 Not ListedLC
ColobometridaePontiometraandersoniCarpenter, 1889 Not ListedVU
MariametridaeStephanometraindicaSmith, 1876 Not ListedDD
MariametridaeStephanometraoxyacanthaHartlaub, 1890 VUVU
MariametridaeStephanometratenuipinnaHartlaub, 1890 Not ListedDD
ZygometridaeZygometracf. comataAH Clark, 1911 Not ListedDD
EuryalidaeEuryaleaspersaLamarck, 1816Basket starDD (EN?)DD
OphiactidaeOphiactissavignyi(Müller & Troschel, 1842) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiomazacacaoticaLyman, 1871Feather-hitching brittle starNot ListedVU
OphiotrichidaeOphiotheladanaeVerrill, 1869 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothelavenusta(de Loriol, 1900) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrixfumariaMüller & Troschel, 1840 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrixlongipeda(Lamarck, 1816) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeAmphioplus (Amphioplus)lucidusKoehler, 1922 Not ListedVU
AmphiuridaeAmphioplus (Lymanella)andreae(Lütken, 1872) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeAmphioplus (Lymanella)depressus(Ljungman, 1867) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeAmphipholismisera(Koehler, 1899) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeAmphiura (Amphiura)duncaniLyman, 1882 Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeAmphiura (Amphiura)instansKoehler, 1905 Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeAmphiura (Ophiopeltis)phalerata(Lyman, 1874) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeDougaloplusechinatus(Ljungman, 1867) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeOphiocentrusdilatata(Koehler, 1905) Not ListedNE
AmphiuridaeOphiocsphaerainsignisBrock, 1888 Not ListedNE
OphiuridaeOphiurakinbergi(Ljungman, 1867) Not ListedNE
OphiuridaeOphiurapteracanthaLiao, 1982 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixdemessa(Lyman, 1862) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixfumaria(Müller & Troschel, 1842) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixgalatheae(Lütken, 1872) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixhybrida(Clark, 1915) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixnereidina(Lamarck, 1816)Violet brittle starNot ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixlineocaerulea(H.L. Clark, 1928)Blue-lined brittle starNot ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixlongipeda(Lamarck, 1816)Very long-armed brittle starNot ListedDD
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixlorioliA.M. Clark, 1968 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixmelanosticta(Grube, 1868) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixpropinqua(Lyman, 1862) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeMacrophiothrixrobillardi(de Loriol, 1893) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiocnemismarmorataLamarck, 1816Hitchhiker brittle starNot ListedDD
OphiotrichidaeOphiotheladanaeVerrill, 1869 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrix (Acanthophiothrix)leucotrigonaH.L. Clark, 1918 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrix (Acanthophiothrix)spinosissimaKoehler, 1905 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrix (Keystonia)nereidina(Lamarck, 1816) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrix (Ophiothrix)ciliaris(Lamarck, 1816) Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrix (Ophiothrix)exiguaLyman, 1874 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrix (Ophiothrix)milesKoehler, 1905 Not ListedNE
OphiotrichidaeOphiothrixsp.  Not ListedNE
OphiactidaeOphiactisdelagoaBalinsky, 1957 Not ListedNE
OphiactidaeOphiactismacrolepidotaMarktanner-Turneretscher, 1887 Not ListedNE
OphiactidaeOphiactismodestaBrock, 1888 Not ListedVU
OphiactidaeOphiactispicteti(de Loriol, 1893) Not ListedNE
OphiactidaeOphiactissinensisMortensen, 1934 Not ListedNE
OphionereididaeOphionereisdubia(Müller & Troschel, 1842) Not ListedNE
OphiocomidaeOphiarthrumelegansPeters, 1851 Not ListedNE
OphiocomidaeOphiopsilapantherinaKoehler, 1898 Not ListedNE
OphiocomidaeOphiopsilasp.  Not ListedNE
OphiodermatidaeOphiarachnellagorgonia(Müller & Troschel, 1842) Not ListedNE
OphiolepididaeOphiolepsissuperbaH.L. Clark, 1915 Not ListedNE
OphiodermatidaeOphioconispermixtaKoehler, 1905 Not ListedNE
OphiodermatidaeOphiodyscritainstratus(Murakami, 1944) Not ListedNE
OphiolepididaeOphiolepsiscinctaMüller & Troschel, 1842 Not ListedNE
OphiolepididaeOphiolepsisnodosaDuncan, 1887 Not ListedNE
LuidiidaeLuidiahardwicki(Gray, 1840)Luidia sand starNot ListedNE
LuidiidaeLuidialongispinaSladen, 1889 Not ListedNE
LuidiidaeLuidiamaculataMüller & Troschel, 1842Eight-armed sea starENEN
LuidiidaeLuidiapenangensisde Loriol, 1891Six-armed sand starVUEN
AstropectinidaeCraspidasterhesperus(Müller & Troschel, 1840)Venus starNot ListedVU
AstropectinidaeAstropectenindicusDöderlein, 1888Comb starNot ListedVU
AstropectinidaeAstropectennovaeguineaeDöderlein, 1917Venus starNot ListedNE
AnseropodidaeAnseropodarosacea(Lamarck, 1816) Not ListedNE
AsterinidaeAquilonastraanomala(H.L. Clark, 1921) Not ListedNE
AsterinidaeAquilonastracoronata(von Martens, 1866) Not ListedNE
AsterinidaeNepanthiabelcheri(Perrier, 1875)Scaly sea starNot ListedVU
AsterinidaeNepenthiamaculataGray, 1840Maculated sea starNot ListedNE
AsterinidaeCryptasterinapentagona(Muller & Troschel, 1840)Cryptic sea starVUVU
AsterinidaeDisasterinaceylanicaDöderlein, 1888 Not ListedNE
ArchasteridaeArchastertypicusMüller & Troschel, 1840Common sand starVUVU
GoniasteridaeIconasterlongimanus(Möbius, 1859)Icon starVUVU
GoniasteridaeStellasterchildreniGray, 1840Galloping sand starNot ListedVU
OreasteridaeAntheneaasperaDöderlein, 1915Cake starVUVU
OreasteridaeCulcitanovaeguineaeMüller & Troschel, 1842 Not ListedNE
GoniasteridaeGoniodiscasterscaber(Moebius, 1859)Biscuit sea starNot ListedVU
OreasteridaeGymnanthenealaevisH.L. Clark, 1938 Not ListedNE
OreasteridaeProtoreasternodosus(Linnaeus, 1758)Knobbly sea starENEN
OreasteridaePentacerastermammillatus(Audouin, 1826)Mammilated pentacerasterNot ListedEN
GoniasteridaeFromiamonilis(Perrier, 1869)Peppermint sea starVUEN
OphidiasteridaeOphidiastergraniferLütken, 1871 Not ListedNE
OphidiasteridaeTamariafuscaGray, 1840 Not ListedVU
PterasteridaeEuretasterinsignis(Sladen, 1882) ENEN
EchinasteridaeEchinastercallosusMarenzeller, 1895Warty sea starENEN
EchinasteridaeEchinasterstereosomusFisher, 1913 Not ListedNE
EchinasteridaeMetrodirasubulataGray, 1840 Not ListedNE
CidaridaePrionocidarisbaculosa(Lamarck, 1816)Thorny urchinVUVU
CidaridaePrionocidarisbispinosa(Lamarck, 1816)Thorny urchinNot ListedVU
EchinothuriidaeAsthenosomavariumGrube, 1868Fire urchinVUEN
DiadematidaeDiademasetosum(Leske, 1778) Not ListedNE
DiadematidaeDiademasavignyi(Audouin, 1809) Not ListedNE
DiadematidaeEchinothrixdiadema(Linnaeus, 1758) Not ListedNE
DiadematidaeChaetodiademagranulatumMortensen, 1903 ENEN
TemnopleuridaeTemnopleurustoreumaticus(Leske, 1778) Not ListedNE
TemnopleuridaeMespiliaglobulus(Linnaeus, 1758)Globe urchinNot ListedVU
TemnopleuridaeSalmacisbicolor(L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) Not ListedNE
TemnopleuridaeSalmacissphaeroides(Linnaeus, 1758) Not ListedNE
TemnopleuridaeSalmacisvirgulata(L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) Not ListedNE
ToxopneustidaeToxopneustespileolus(Lamarck, 1816)Flower urchinNot ListedNT
ClypeasteridaeArachnoidesplacenta(Linnaeus, 1758)Sand dollarNot ListedNT
AstriclypeidaeEchinodiscusbisperforatusLeske, 1778Key-hole sand dollarVUVU
LaganidaeJacksonasterdepressum(L. Agassiz, 1841)Thick-edged sand dollarVUVU
LaganidaePeronellalesueuri(L. Agassiz, 1841) Not ListedNE
SpatangidaeMaretiaplanulata(Lamarck, 1816) Not ListedNE