Abstract:
The appearance and vegetation of the islets Babi Tengah, Baru, Berhala, Chibeh, Duchong, Gup, Labas, Pyah, Rengis, Sepoi, Setindan, Tokong Burong, and Tulai are compared with Tanjong Ruit in Tioman, as they were in 1932-1936. Their status as degenerate headlands in the Riouw Pocket is considered. The islets belong to three geological formations. Remains of the giant clam, Tridacna, were found on Pulau Tulai.

Abstract:
Five new species of the genus Homalomena (Araceae) from Sumatra are described and their relationships and chromosome numbers briefly discussed .Among them, Homalomena rusdii sp. nov. stands out by its free ligule at the petiole base and by its basal placentation of ovules.  Homalomena mixta is transferred to the genus Furtadoa on the basis of the floral characters.

Abstract:
Continued from Gdns' Bull. Sing. 37 (2): 179.

Abstract:
The genus Horsfieldia, extending from Ceylon to the Solomon Isls. is redefined to exclude the species formerly assigned to H. macrocoma. The remaining 100 species are subdivided into 3 sections, viz. (1) the monotypic section Horsfieldia with H. iryaghedhi from Ceylon, (2) section Irya (40 species) and (3) section Pyrrhosa (59 species). Section Irya contains chiefly species with a 2-valved perianth and is mainly distributed in East Malesia; the species of section Pyrrhosa have mainly a 3- or 4-valved perianth and occur in SE. continental Asia and W. Malesia, west of Wallace's Line.  A further subdivision of the sections into groups of species's of closer affinity is proposed and discussed in the introduction.  Warburg (1897) recognized 52 species, Sinclair (1974, 1975) accepted 38 and a number of varieties. The most important characters for the distinction of species are in the male flowers, especially the androecium. Of the presently accepted 100 species, 41 are newly described, and in addition, 14 are new subspecies and varieties. There are 6 new combinations. Most species have rather restricted but well-defined areas of distribution; H. irya has a very large range, covering almost that of the genus. The centres of species development are New Guinea and Borneo, and to a lesser extent Malaya-Sumatra.

Abstract:
Nephelium lappaceum produces either male or bisexual flowers. The anther development in both types of flowers is the same but those in the bisexual flowers do not dehisce even though their pollen is viable. The anther is tetrasporangiate and its wall development conforms to the basic type. Cytokinesis in microspore mother cells is simultaneous, forming tetrahedral tetrads. The mature pollen grains are tricolpate and two-celled. Only pollen grains from the male flower germinate in the conventional media. The ovule is anacampylotropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate and the micropyle is formed by the inner integument only. The embryo sac development is of the monosporic Polygonum type. Flower anthesis is at 0900-1100 hours and pollination is entomophilous.  Preliminary flower bagging experiments show that fruit formation is dependent on pollination. The average normal flower and fruit drop are 40% and 90% respectively. The endosperm development is ab initio Nuclear and cell formation commences at the micropylar end, proceeding towards the chalaza. The outer layers of the outer integument differentiate into the edible flesh of the fruit. The testa is formed mainly from the inner part of the outer integument and the few remaining layers of the inner integument at the micropylar region. The seed is non-endospermous and shows hypogeal germination. In fresh seeds, the average percentage germination is 96%, of which 2% of the seedlings give multiple shoots.

Abstract:
Rennellia (Rubiaceae) is revised for the Malay Peninsula. Four species are recognised, viz.. R.elongata (K.& G.) Ridl., R. paniculata K.& G. R. speciosa Hk. f. and a fourth, which resembles, but cannot be matched with certainty to. R. morindiformis (Korth.) Ridl. A key to the species and varieties is provided, and the taxa are enumerated with descriptions. R. paniculata var. condensa Wong is newly described.

Abstract:
Colocasia esculenta (Araceae), the Keladi or taro, is an ancient staple food crop of the Asian and Oceanic Pacific populations. In Peninsular Malaysia, collections have reached 50 cultivars but only two of them are commercially cultivated. Confusion exists in the identification of these cultivars, which is attributed to loose usage of vernacular names. In this study a key to these cultivars is presented, one which has been worked out from plants grown in situ and replanted in experimental plots. Only stable morphological and behavioural characteristics have been used in differentiating the cultivars.

Abstract:
Examination of Blume's type specimens shows that Chionanthus platycarpus (K. & G.) Kiew is synonymous with C. callophyllus Bl. and C. elaeocarpus (Stapf) Kiew is synonymous with C. macrocarpus Bl. Two new records of Chionanthus for Malaya are C. grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew (previously only recorded from the Philippines) and C. curvicarpus sp. nov. (formerly known as C. cuspidatus Bl. sensu Merrill).

Abstract:
Aniselytron Men. (Gramineae), better known as Aulacolepis Hack. (1934), non Ettingsh. (1893), has two species in S.E. Asia and Malesia. A key and descriptions are given, Anisachne Keng is reduced to Deyeuxia Beauv. and some new combinations in that related genus are proposed. Deyeuxia abnormis Hook. f. is not identical with D. zenkeri (Trin.) Veldk., which is enigmatic species known only from the type from the Nilgiris, India.

Abstract:
Preliminary work on pollen of the Oleaceae shows that it is of limited diagnostic value at the generic level. Small pollen grains (10-18u diameter) are recorded for Malesian species of Chionanthus, Myxopyrurn and Olea. The size of pollen grain is associated with style length.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
This is a taxonomic treatment of 21 species of Gordonia (of the family Theaceae) found in the Malesian region. Among these, there are two new (G. borneensis, G. sarawakensis) and two newly combined (G. integerrima, G. vulcanica) species.  Besides, two excluded (G. brevifolia, G. lobbii) and two doubtful (G. lanceifolia, G. sarasini) ones are briefly mentioned. A complete list of scientific names and their synonyms is presented in an index.

Abstract:
The wild forms of Melia in Asia are described and assigned to one species. The relationship of that taxon to plants cultivated in Asia, Europe, America and Africa is examined and it is concluded that selected forms have been long cultivated in both India and China. Groups of cultivars have been selected from these two centres of domestication and introduced to other warm parts of the world. The widespread Persian lilac or mindi kechil seems to be of Indian stock and to have been widely introduced in America and Africa: mutant forms of it include the Texas Umbrella Tree. The Chinese cultivars are those widely grown in Japan and introduced thence to Europe as M. japonica. The whole complex is treated as one species (M. azedarach) comprising the wild populations and the two major groups of horticultural cultivars which are set out in a formal revision.  All names in Melia and its synonyms applied to Asiatic and Pacific plants are identified in an appendix, while the typification of M. azedarach is set out in another.

Abstract:
The presence and development of axillary buds are important in shoot and plant growth, especially in trees. As very little information is available on the axillary buds of tropical trees, about 100 local tree species, growing in the Botanic Gardens, Nature Reserves and along waysides, were investigated. The occurrence, morphology and size variations of the axillary buds are discussed.

Abstract:
An ornamental plant, Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) was grown in a clay loam subsoil supplemented with adequate amounts of inorganic fertilizer and then compacted by four methods, namely, light finger pressure, rubber hammer, steel bar and machine pressure. Dry matter accumulation and rooting behaviour after four months growth in pots under glasshouse conditions were studied in relation to the degree of soil compaction. Influences of compaction on such physical properties as dry bulk density, penetration resistance. total porosity, oxygen diffusion rate and moisture content were also invesitigated. Plant growth and soil penetration resistance were significantly related to the level of compaction. Amelioration by addition of a medium-size grade of sand on a 50% volume basis before applying compaction reduced the soil strength substantially and allowed the plant to grow normally.

Abstract:
The anther is tetrasporangiate. The anther wall is four-layered and the secretory tapetum is binucleate. Most of the pollen mother cells degenerate just before meiosis and a few undergo meiosis. Cytokinesis is simultaneous and tetrads are tetrahedral. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic, tenuinucellate and the micropyle is formed by the outer integument only. The embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type. The endosperm is of the Nuclear type. Cell-wall formation proceeds from the periphery towards the centre. The development of the adventive integumentary embryos is irregular and sometimes within the same embryo sac, several embryos may be found. The mature embryo is straight. The seed coat develops from the outer integument. The seed is non-endospermous and shows hypogeal germination and 10% of the germinated seeds give multiple seedlings.

Abstract:
Vertically oriented sunlit shoots on Symingtonia populnea trees in the mountains of Malaysia produce multiple branches at nodes. The multiple axillary branches originate as branches of the vascular trace to the primary lateral bud. Plasticity in the number of branches produced per leaf axil allow S. populnea considerable architectural flexibility in response to environmental heterogeneity.

Abstract:
Trichomanes proliferum Bl. is reported for Singapore for the first time. Some morphological characters are discussed.

Abstract:
The fossil record of pollen comparable to the family Pandanaceae and sometimes directly comparable with the extant genus Pandanus extends back to the latest Upper Cretaceous. The family which once had a wide geographic distribution on all continents except Australia, has, since the mid-Tertiary, become restricted to the Old World tropics and subtropics.

Abstract:
The first publication on the flora of Malaya was Sir George King's Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsular.  This appeared in 26 instalments over a period of 47 years (1889-1936).  The manner of publication was somewhat complicated. This paper explains the various complications and gives the dates of issue of the various instalments.

Abstract:
The purpose of these notes is to formalise several taxonomic changes in the Anacardiaceae which has just been revised for the Tree Flora of Malaya, The changes are as follows:-
Mangifera
M. indica L.: reduction of M. longipes to M. indica and resultant range extension of M. indica.  
M. magnifica Kochummen, sp. nov.
M. quadrifida Jack var. longipetiolata (King) Kochummen, stat. nov.
M. whitmorei Kochummen, sp. nov.
Melanochyla
M. caesia (Bl.) Ding Hou: reduction of M. kunstleri to M. caesia.
M. fasciculiflora Kochummen, sp. nov.
M. longipetiolata Kochummen, sp. nov.
Rhus
R. succedanea L.: new record.
Semecarpus
S. rufovelutinus Ridl.: new record
S. trengganuensis Kochummen, sp. nov.
Swintonia
S. floribunda Griff, var. penangensis (King) Kochummen, stat. nov.

Abstract:
During my stay at the Herbarium Bogoriense in 1972, for the study of their Nepenthes collection, I was able to examine much undetermined material from several Indonesian islands.  While going through those collected by P. J. Eyma in Sulawesi, I came across a very interesting Nepenthes. After subsequent study, I am now able to conclude that it should be described as a new species.

Abstract:
Leaf-opposed inflorescences in Aidia cochinchinensis, previously ascribed a terminal origin, is here shown to be axillary instead. Hence, the branch system in this species is not sympodial as believed, but a true monopodium along which inflorescences develop from the axils of reduced leaves at alternate nodes, exemplifying a specialised control of floral development.

Abstract:
Eight species of Pandanus subgen. Acrostigma are discussed in this supplement. Seven of them are additions:- four have recently been published, two more are proposed as new herein and one has been omitted. P. ellipsoideus was poorly known and is here given a fuller description based on a recent collection. Both new species pertain to sect. Acrostigma subsect. Dimissistyli; one (P. gladiator) is from Sulawesi, the other (P. jacobsii) is from Papua New Guinea. As is usually the case, most of these species presents are as yet not represented by staminate specimens (known only in P. merrillii). Only one, P. microglottis, presents features which suggest a possible addition to the infrageneric scheme, but in the absence of sufficient specimens no change is suggested for the present.

Abstract:
A revision of the genus Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. in the Malay Peninsula is presented.  Twelve species are here redescribed and assigned to section Tetrastigma and section Carinata sect. nov. They are ; T. pedunculare (Wall. ex Laws.) Planch., T. papillosum(Bl.)Planch., T. pyriforme Gagnep., T. scortechinii (King) Gagnep., T. dichotomum (Bl.) Planch., T. lanceolarium (Roxb.) Planch., T. hookeri (Laws.) Planch., T. curtisii(Ridl.) Suesseng., and T. godefroyanum Planch.  Six species, namely, T papillosum, T. pyriforme, T. cruciatum, T. dichotomum, T.hookeri, and T. godefroyanum, represent new additions to the flora of the Malay Peninsula, and two established species names are reduced, namely, T. kunstleri (King) Craib (to T. lanceolarium) and T. wrayi (King) Craib syn. nov. (to T. dubium). A general discussion on the growth habits and morphology of stem , inflorescence, flowers, fruits and seeds is also given.

Abstract:
Plant collecting in Singapore in 1983 has resulted in 3 new records and other species that have not been recorded here in many years. Brief notes on these plants, with information on their collection localities and general distribution, are included.

Abstract:
Lobaria clemensiae Vain., a lichen species, originally described from the Philippines, is reported from the Halmahera Island, Indonesia.

Abstract:
The effect of bulb-dip application of each of the following - chlormequat chloride (CCC), daminozide (B-Nine), etephon (Ethrel), maleic hydrazide (MH), triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), indole-acetic acid (lAA), gibberellic acid (GA3,) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) - was studied on growth, flowering and bulb formation of Hippeastrum hybridum.  CCC and B-Nine induced early sprouting of bulbs, delayed flowering, increased the size and longevity of flowers, accelerated bulb production and improved the quality of bulbs in size and weight. Longer flower spikes were obtained with B-Nine-treated bulbs. Ethrel and MH delayed sprouting, but induced early flower-bud appearance and increased longevity of flowers.  Beneficial effects on bulb formation with Ethrel was also recorded, while MH, NAA and TIBA were ineffective. I.A.A and GA3 promoted vegetative growth, induced early flowering, stimulated flower size and stalk length, yielded a greater number of flowers per stalk, extended longevity of flowers, increased bulb production, and improved the size and weight of bulbs.

Abstract:
Anisophyllea disticha does not show distichous phyllotaxis. Erect (orthotropic) shoots with 2/5 spiral phyllotaxis and radial symmetry give rise to tiers of sylleptic branches at regular intervals. The branches are horizontal (plagiotropic) and have marked dorsiventral symmetry. Their phyllotaxis is unique and consists of four ranks of alternately arranged leaves, two ranks of scale leaves on the dorsal side and two ranks of foliage leaves on the ventral side, dorsal and ventral leaves of the two ranks alternating regularly along the stem on opposite sides. Homology between the three kinds of leafy appendage is indicated by their constant unilacunar node, but dorsal (adaxial) scales on plagiotropic axes do not subtend axillary buds. The leaf arrangement is assumed to maximize photosynthesis and corresponds closely to ideal systems established by theoretical considerations.

Abstract:
Two genera of Sapindaceae, previously not recorded for the Malay Peninsula, have been confirmed to occur in local forests. They are Amesiodendron and Litchi, each represented by one species.
 

Abstract:
The affinities of four small and deceptively similar species of Diplazium (Filices: Athyriaceae) are discussed. Five names are newly reduced to synonymy and two new combinations are made.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
The genus Melicope, previously believed not to be represented in the flora of Peninsular Malaysia, has been found, in the form of a new species, occuring in montane rainforest on the upper slopes of Gunung Ulu Kali, Genting Highlands, Pahang, in Malaysia.  The only known locality, a densely wooded gully at 1550 m alt., is in the midst of a zone rapidly being cleared by bulldozing and two of the only five trees found have been felled. The new species, M. suberosa Stone, is apparently related to Bornean species of Melicope, particularly an as yet undescribed unifoliate species known from Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah.  The addition of Melicope to the Malayan flora brings the number of Rutaceae genera known to occur in Peninsular Malaysia up to seventeen.

Abstract:
Five species of Boerlagiodendron (Araliaceae), including four from the Solomon Islands and one from the New Hebrides, are transferred, according to nomenclatural necessity, to Osmoxylon.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
In Malesia and Taiwan there are three taxa of Trisetum Pers. (Gramineae): T. bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi in Taiwan and New Guinea, T. spicatum (Linne) Richt. ssp. kinabaluense Chrtek in Sabah and the ssp. formosanum (Honda) Veldk., comb. nov., in Taiwan. Trisetum flavescens (Linne) Beauv. must be the conserved type of the generic name.  Some subspecific epithets proposed by Hulten (1959) under T. spicatum are validated.

Abstract:
Heteropholis C. E. Hubb. (Gramineae, Rottboelliinae) has 4 allopatric species in Central Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and from India to central Malesia. For Taiwan H. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton var. chenii (Hsu) Sosef & Koning is here distinguished. The related genus Thaumastochloa C. E. Hubb. has 7 species mainly in Australia of which 3 are newly described here: T. monilifera Sosef & Coning, T. rubra Sosef & Koning, T. striata Sosef & Koning. T. major S. T. Blake also occurs in the Aru Islands off the south-west of New Guinea, and T. rariflora (F. M. Bailey) C. E. Hubb. in Papua New Guinea. A suspected hybrid between T. major and T. pubescens (Benth.) C. E. Hubb. is reported. A cladistic study indicates that the two genera may be paraphyletic.