Year of Publication: 1979, Vol. 32
Date Published
1979
Catherine Woon and Hsuan Keng
Observation on Stamens of the Dipterocarpaceae [Page 1 - 55]
Observation on Stamens of the Dipterocarpaceae [Page 1 - 55]
Abstract:
The Dipterocarpaceae are a medium-sized family of approximately 15 genera and 580 species (Airy-Shaw, 1973). They are distributed over a large area of tropical Africa and the Indo-Malayan region from India, Ceylon, Indo-China, S. W. China to Malesia. In Malesia, according to Symington (1943) there are 14 genera and 168 species in the Malay Peninsula, 13 genera and 276 species in Borneo, 11 genera and 52 species in the Philippines, and 3 genera and 5 species in New Guinea. The distribution of this family is interesting because it links the flora of tropical Asia with that of tropical Africa where 2 genera Monotes and Marquesia are present. Croizat (1952, p. 423) suggested that the dipterocarps are most certainly of Gondwanic origin, and they evolved and migrated from the continental mass that once occupied part of the Indian Ocean 100-500 million years ago. They later broke up into 2 major taxa, the Dipterocarpoidae, mostly confined to the continental Asia and Malesia, and the Monotoideae, restricted to Africa. They ocur in area which have had a relatively stable geology since the Cretaceous, probably the time of their origin (Meijer, 1974). This family is especially noted for its many valuable timbers such as Meranti (Shorea), Keruing (Dipterocarp) from Malaya, Serayas and Lauans (Shorea and Parashorea) from Borneo and Philippines. The existing schemes of classification of the Dipterocarpaceae are largely based on the gross morphology. It is hoped that the comparative studies of the stamens of various genera of Dipterocarps, together with the information gathered from wood, pollens, cytology, embryogeny, phytochemistry and others, might eventually contribute towards a natural classification of the family. This is an excerpt of the senior author's Honours' dissertation entitled "Comparative studies on the stamens and pollen grains of the Dipterocarpaceae", Department of Botany, University of Singapore, 1977-78. She wishes to thank Professor A.N. Rao of the Department for providing all the facilities, and to thank the Directors and curators of the Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, the Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Malaya and the Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, for having kindly supplied flowering materials for this study. Her thanks are also due to Mr. D. Teow for making photographs, and to Mr. J. Wee for advice on microtechniques.
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The Dipterocarpaceae are a medium-sized family of approximately 15 genera and 580 species (Airy-Shaw, 1973). They are distributed over a large area of tropical Africa and the Indo-Malayan region from India, Ceylon, Indo-China, S. W. China to Malesia. In Malesia, according to Symington (1943) there are 14 genera and 168 species in the Malay Peninsula, 13 genera and 276 species in Borneo, 11 genera and 52 species in the Philippines, and 3 genera and 5 species in New Guinea. The distribution of this family is interesting because it links the flora of tropical Asia with that of tropical Africa where 2 genera Monotes and Marquesia are present. Croizat (1952, p. 423) suggested that the dipterocarps are most certainly of Gondwanic origin, and they evolved and migrated from the continental mass that once occupied part of the Indian Ocean 100-500 million years ago. They later broke up into 2 major taxa, the Dipterocarpoidae, mostly confined to the continental Asia and Malesia, and the Monotoideae, restricted to Africa. They ocur in area which have had a relatively stable geology since the Cretaceous, probably the time of their origin (Meijer, 1974). This family is especially noted for its many valuable timbers such as Meranti (Shorea), Keruing (Dipterocarp) from Malaya, Serayas and Lauans (Shorea and Parashorea) from Borneo and Philippines. The existing schemes of classification of the Dipterocarpaceae are largely based on the gross morphology. It is hoped that the comparative studies of the stamens of various genera of Dipterocarps, together with the information gathered from wood, pollens, cytology, embryogeny, phytochemistry and others, might eventually contribute towards a natural classification of the family. This is an excerpt of the senior author's Honours' dissertation entitled "Comparative studies on the stamens and pollen grains of the Dipterocarpaceae", Department of Botany, University of Singapore, 1977-78. She wishes to thank Professor A.N. Rao of the Department for providing all the facilities, and to thank the Directors and curators of the Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, the Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Malaya and the Forest Department, Kuching, Sarawak, for having kindly supplied flowering materials for this study. Her thanks are also due to Mr. D. Teow for making photographs, and to Mr. J. Wee for advice on microtechniques.
Wee, Yeow-Chin
Check List of Mosses of Singapore [Page 56 - 63]
Check List of Mosses of Singapore [Page 56 - 63]
Abstract:
A total of 126 species of mosses from 51 genera and 21 families, recorded from Singapore, are contained in this check list. Fleischer (1900 - 1922), in his four volumes on the moss flora of Bogor, Indonesia, listed a number of species collected from Singapore. Further records of local mosses are contained in Dixon's (1926) list of mosses from the Malay Peninsula, collected mainly by H. N. Ridley, I. H. Burkill, R. E. Holttum, and others from the Singapore Botanic Gardens. A list of the mosses collected from the Botanic Gardens itself was compiled by Holttum (1926). Further work was not seen until Johnson (1964) published her account on the Malaysian Leucobryaceae and much later, the Fissidentaceae (Johnson, 1973). Dixon's (1926) list is by far the most comprehensive, but it is very much outdated. The present paper is an attempt at updating the list of mosses recorded from Singapore. Most of the species are from the above mentioned papers. Those marked with an asterisk (*) are from the records of the Bryophyte Herbarium maintained by the Department of Botany, University of Singapore, as well as collections made by myself during the last two years. A total of 126 species from 51 genera and 21 families are included. The nomenclature and authorities cited are in accordance with Wijk et al. (1959 - 1969). The most appropriate name is given for each species, while any other name under which it has been reported is added in parenthesis.
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A total of 126 species of mosses from 51 genera and 21 families, recorded from Singapore, are contained in this check list. Fleischer (1900 - 1922), in his four volumes on the moss flora of Bogor, Indonesia, listed a number of species collected from Singapore. Further records of local mosses are contained in Dixon's (1926) list of mosses from the Malay Peninsula, collected mainly by H. N. Ridley, I. H. Burkill, R. E. Holttum, and others from the Singapore Botanic Gardens. A list of the mosses collected from the Botanic Gardens itself was compiled by Holttum (1926). Further work was not seen until Johnson (1964) published her account on the Malaysian Leucobryaceae and much later, the Fissidentaceae (Johnson, 1973). Dixon's (1926) list is by far the most comprehensive, but it is very much outdated. The present paper is an attempt at updating the list of mosses recorded from Singapore. Most of the species are from the above mentioned papers. Those marked with an asterisk (*) are from the records of the Bryophyte Herbarium maintained by the Department of Botany, University of Singapore, as well as collections made by myself during the last two years. A total of 126 species from 51 genera and 21 families are included. The nomenclature and authorities cited are in accordance with Wijk et al. (1959 - 1969). The most appropriate name is given for each species, while any other name under which it has been reported is added in parenthesis.
Year of Publication: 1978, Vol. 31 (02)
Date Published
R. Kiew
Notes on the Systematy of Malayan Phanerogams XXV AQUIFOLIACEAE [Page 81 - 83]
Notes on the Systematy of Malayan Phanerogams XXV AQUIFOLIACEAE [Page 81 - 83]
Abstract:
Ilex tahanensis Kiew nom. Nov. replaces I. rupicola Ridley — a nomen nudum; I. polyphylla Ridley and I. triflora var longifolia Ridley are reduced to I. triflora; and I. venulosa var nervulosa Loes. is I. Macrophylla Hook. F.
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Ilex tahanensis Kiew nom. Nov. replaces I. rupicola Ridley — a nomen nudum; I. polyphylla Ridley and I. triflora var longifolia Ridley are reduced to I. triflora; and I. venulosa var nervulosa Loes. is I. Macrophylla Hook. F.
Hsuan Keng
Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore [Page 84 - 113]
Annotated list of seed plants of Singapore [Page 84 - 113]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Y.C. Wee
Vascular epiphytes of Singapore's wayside trees [Page 114 - 126]
Vascular epiphytes of Singapore's wayside trees [Page 114 - 126]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Hsuan Keng
The delimitation of the genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) [Page 127 - 131]
The delimitation of the genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) [Page 127 - 131]
Abstract:
Aromadendron Blume, Manglietia Blume and Talauma Juss. are reunited with Magnolia Linn. As advocated by H. Baillon. Species of the first three genera from the Malay Peninsula and Thailand are renamed.
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Aromadendron Blume, Manglietia Blume and Talauma Juss. are reunited with Magnolia Linn. As advocated by H. Baillon. Species of the first three genera from the Malay Peninsula and Thailand are renamed.
May Lay Fu Fan
Clonal Propagation of Aranda, Ascocenda, Cattleya by Leaf Tissue Culture [Page 132 - 138]
Clonal Propagation of Aranda, Ascocenda, Cattleya by Leaf Tissue Culture [Page 132 - 138]
Abstract:
Monopodial Orchids seem to differ from sympodial orchids in their response to tissue culture. We chose both monopodial orchids and sympodial orchids as materials to study their proliferation ability by leaf tissue culture. Originally leaves of aseptic mericlone plantlets of Aranda Noorah Alsagoff (monopodial), Cattleya bowringiana x C. forbesii (sympodial) and Den. Alice Spalding (sympodial) were used. Subsequently, leaves of mature nursery plants of Aranda Wendy Scott, Aranda Christine No 27, No. 130, Asocenda Hilo Rose x Vanda Josephine (monopodial) and Den. Sunny (sympodial) were experimented with. Numerous plantlets from all, except the Dendrobiums, were successfully obtained by leaf tissue culture.
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Monopodial Orchids seem to differ from sympodial orchids in their response to tissue culture. We chose both monopodial orchids and sympodial orchids as materials to study their proliferation ability by leaf tissue culture. Originally leaves of aseptic mericlone plantlets of Aranda Noorah Alsagoff (monopodial), Cattleya bowringiana x C. forbesii (sympodial) and Den. Alice Spalding (sympodial) were used. Subsequently, leaves of mature nursery plants of Aranda Wendy Scott, Aranda Christine No 27, No. 130, Asocenda Hilo Rose x Vanda Josephine (monopodial) and Den. Sunny (sympodial) were experimented with. Numerous plantlets from all, except the Dendrobiums, were successfully obtained by leaf tissue culture.
J.F. Maxwell
A revision of Medinilla, Pachycentria, and Pogonanthera (Melastomataceae) from the Malay Peninsula [Page 139 - 216]
A revision of Medinilla, Pachycentria, and Pogonanthera (Melastomataceae) from the Malay Peninsula [Page 139 - 216]
Abstract:
The genera Medinilla, Pachycentria, and Pogonanthera have been thoroughly revised for the Malay Peninsula. Fourteen species and 3 varieties of Medinilla, including Medinilla selangorensis Maxw., which is proposed as a new species, with 12 new synonyms, and 3 new combinations; 3 species of Pachycentria, with 1 new combination; and Pogonanthera pulverulenta (Jack) Bl. are included. In addition to the taxonomic treatment (with keys and critical notes), the comparative morphologies of various salient organs, distribution patterns, and an index to collections are presented. Drawings of the calyx, petals, stamens, and other important structures have been prepared for all taxa.
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The genera Medinilla, Pachycentria, and Pogonanthera have been thoroughly revised for the Malay Peninsula. Fourteen species and 3 varieties of Medinilla, including Medinilla selangorensis Maxw., which is proposed as a new species, with 12 new synonyms, and 3 new combinations; 3 species of Pachycentria, with 1 new combination; and Pogonanthera pulverulenta (Jack) Bl. are included. In addition to the taxonomic treatment (with keys and critical notes), the comparative morphologies of various salient organs, distribution patterns, and an index to collections are presented. Drawings of the calyx, petals, stamens, and other important structures have been prepared for all taxa.
Irawati
The influence of Sucrose on Tissue Cultures of Oncidium Goldiana, Dendrohium Alice Spalding and Aranthera Beatrice Ng [Page 217 - 221]
The influence of Sucrose on Tissue Cultures of Oncidium Goldiana, Dendrohium Alice Spalding and Aranthera Beatrice Ng [Page 217 - 221]
Abstract:
Tissue culture today plays an important role in the production of orchid clones throughout the world. This technique applied to orchid plants by Morel (1960) is still being perfected by other research workers. Research workers have used a wide range of media for their cultures but the perfect medium for each stage of orchid culture has still to be found. This work is done to determine the beneficial or detrimental effects of sucrose in the culture medium.
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Tissue culture today plays an important role in the production of orchid clones throughout the world. This technique applied to orchid plants by Morel (1960) is still being perfected by other research workers. Research workers have used a wide range of media for their cultures but the perfect medium for each stage of orchid culture has still to be found. This work is done to determine the beneficial or detrimental effects of sucrose in the culture medium.
Sri Harjoeti Hartono
The influence of some Growth Substances on Induction of Roots and Shoots of Renanopsis Lena Rowold [Page 222 - 228]
The influence of some Growth Substances on Induction of Roots and Shoots of Renanopsis Lena Rowold [Page 222 - 228]
Abstract:
Renanopsis Lena Rowold (Renanthera storiei X Vandopsis lissochiloides) first raised in Hawaii by Oscar M. Kirch in 1948, is found growing at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. It is a monopodial type orchid with a thick woody stem. The plant produces large attractive inflorescences having dark red flowers with light orange markings. The inflorescences, often branched are about 100-135 cm long and each bears about 45-70 flowers. Unfortunately, most of R. Lena Rowold plants do not produce sufficient roots along the stem and thus vegetative propagation by the normal method of cuttings is not possible. Monopodial orchids usually produce aerial roots along the stem and this is an important feature for vegetative propagation as cuttings made for propagation must have roots. The aim of the experiment conducted at the Singapore Botanic Gardens recently was to promote the growth of shoots and roots by the application of growth substances on top cuttings, base cuttings and whole plants.
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Renanopsis Lena Rowold (Renanthera storiei X Vandopsis lissochiloides) first raised in Hawaii by Oscar M. Kirch in 1948, is found growing at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. It is a monopodial type orchid with a thick woody stem. The plant produces large attractive inflorescences having dark red flowers with light orange markings. The inflorescences, often branched are about 100-135 cm long and each bears about 45-70 flowers. Unfortunately, most of R. Lena Rowold plants do not produce sufficient roots along the stem and thus vegetative propagation by the normal method of cuttings is not possible. Monopodial orchids usually produce aerial roots along the stem and this is an important feature for vegetative propagation as cuttings made for propagation must have roots. The aim of the experiment conducted at the Singapore Botanic Gardens recently was to promote the growth of shoots and roots by the application of growth substances on top cuttings, base cuttings and whole plants.
Anne Johnson
The Trentepohliaceae of Singapore Island [Page 229 - 237]
The Trentepohliaceae of Singapore Island [Page 229 - 237]
Abstract:
The Trentepohliaceae are a family of aerial algae, abundant in the tropics but also found in temperate regions. They grow on rocks, soil, the bark of trees or as apiphytes or parasites of leaves. The vegetative cells may appear green if the plant is growing in the shade but they are normally brick-red in colour due to a pigment, formerly known as "haematochrome," which is a mixture of x and B carotenes (Tischcr, 1936; Czyan & Kalb, 1960) dissolved in oil droplets in the cell. Pyrenoids are absent and starch is not formed, the product of photosynthesis being apparently a polyhydric alcohol, erythritol, (Bourne, 1958) which may accur in Trentepohlia in up to 1.4% concentration (Tischer. 1936). As in other terrestrial algae, large vacuoles containing water are absent.
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The Trentepohliaceae are a family of aerial algae, abundant in the tropics but also found in temperate regions. They grow on rocks, soil, the bark of trees or as apiphytes or parasites of leaves. The vegetative cells may appear green if the plant is growing in the shade but they are normally brick-red in colour due to a pigment, formerly known as "haematochrome," which is a mixture of x and B carotenes (Tischcr, 1936; Czyan & Kalb, 1960) dissolved in oil droplets in the cell. Pyrenoids are absent and starch is not formed, the product of photosynthesis being apparently a polyhydric alcohol, erythritol, (Bourne, 1958) which may accur in Trentepohlia in up to 1.4% concentration (Tischer. 1936). As in other terrestrial algae, large vacuoles containing water are absent.
Y.C. Wee
Annotated list of algae of Singapore (1) [Page 238 - 250]
Annotated list of algae of Singapore (1) [Page 238 - 250]
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Year of Publication: 1978, Vol. 31 (01)
Date Published
Kai Larsen and Supee S. Larsen
Bauhinia dewitii, a new Bornean species [Page 1 - 3]
Bauhinia dewitii, a new Bornean species [Page 1 - 3]
Abstract:
A new species of Bauhinia from Borneo is described; De Wit was the first to draw attention to this taxon which he called: "Phanera spec. nov. A" on the basis of sterile material. Flowering material is now available; we propose the name B. dewitii for this species belonging to the section Bracteolanthus (de Wit) Wunderlin.
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A new species of Bauhinia from Borneo is described; De Wit was the first to draw attention to this taxon which he called: "Phanera spec. nov. A" on the basis of sterile material. Flowering material is now available; we propose the name B. dewitii for this species belonging to the section Bracteolanthus (de Wit) Wunderlin.
P.S. Ashton
Flora Malesiana Precursores: Dipterocarpaceae [Page 5 - 48]
Flora Malesiana Precursores: Dipterocarpaceae [Page 5 - 48]
Abstract:
Species delimitation in Dipterocarpaceae is discussed. The genus Pentacme DC, is reduced as a section of Shorea Roxb. The following names are reduced : Dipterocarpus penangianus Foxw. (to D. caudatus Foxw.), D. speciosus Brandis (D. kunstleri King), D. trinervis Bl. (D. retusus Bl.), D. pseudofagineus Foxw. (D. fagineus Vesque), D. basilanicus Foxw. (D. eurynchus Miq.), D. subalpinus Foxw. (D. hasseltii Bl); Anisopters mindanensis Foxw. and A. oblongata Dyer (A. costata Korth.) A. brunnea Fowx., A. polyandra Bl., and A. kostermansiana Dilmy (all to A. thurifera (Blco) Bl.), Vatica blancoana Foxw. (V. umbonata (Hook f.) Burck), V. simalurensis Sloot. (V. venulosa Bl.), V. subcordata Bl., V. celebica Bl. and V. papuana Dyer (all to V. rassak (Korth.) Bl, V. stipulata Ridl. (V. hullettii (Ridl.) comb. nov.), V. sumatrana (Miq.) Burck and V. wallichii Dyer (V. pauciftora (Korth.) Bl.), V. scaphifolia Kosterm. (V. javanica Sloot.), V. obtusifolia Elm. (V. mangachapoi (Blco) BI.), V. songa Sloot. (V. perakensis King); Hopea argentea Meijer (H. cernua T.et B.) H. kelantaneusis Sym. and H. garangbuaya Ashton (H. coriacea Burck.) H. woodiana Gutierrez (H. malibato Foxw.), H siamensis Heim, (H. pedicellata Brandis), H. dolosa Sloot. (H. celebica Brandis), H. nabirensis Sloot. (H. iriana Sloot.), H. resinosa Sym. (H. pachycarpa (Heim) Sym.), Shorea flava Meijer (S. falciferoides Dyer), S. glaucescens Meijer (S. falciferoides Foxw.), S. ciliata Foxw. (non King) (S. astylosa Foxw.), S. rogersiana Raizda and Smitinand (S. laevis Ridl.), Pentacme mendanensis Foxw. (S. contorta Vidal). S. resinanegra Foxw. (S. longisperma Roxb.), S. kalunti Merr. (S. hopeifolia (Heim) Sym.), S. sororia Sloot. (S. assamica Dyer), S. plagata Foxw. and S. agsaboensis Stern (S. pauciflora King). Parashorea stellata Kurz and P. lucida (Miq.) Kurz are reinstated as separate species. Balanocarpus heimii Sym. is transferred to a new taxon Neobalanocarpus gen. nov. The identity of Parashorea warburgii Brandis, Hopea dasyrrhachis Sloot., H. gregaria Sloot. and H. plagata Vidal, S. siamensis Miq. and S. virescens Parijs is discussed. There are 3 species of Dipterocarpus, 5 of Vatica, 8 of Hopea and 6 of Shorea described for the first time; subspecies are defined in Dipterocarpus caudatus Foxw., D. palembanicus Sloot., Anisoptera thurifera (Blco) Bl., Vatica venulosa Bl., V. granulata Sloot., V. javanica Sloot., V. mangachapoi (Blco) Bl., Dryobalanops oblongifolia Dyer, Shorea falciferoides Foxw., S. parvistipulata Heim. S. singkawang Miq. and S. curtisii Dyer.
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Species delimitation in Dipterocarpaceae is discussed. The genus Pentacme DC, is reduced as a section of Shorea Roxb. The following names are reduced : Dipterocarpus penangianus Foxw. (to D. caudatus Foxw.), D. speciosus Brandis (D. kunstleri King), D. trinervis Bl. (D. retusus Bl.), D. pseudofagineus Foxw. (D. fagineus Vesque), D. basilanicus Foxw. (D. eurynchus Miq.), D. subalpinus Foxw. (D. hasseltii Bl); Anisopters mindanensis Foxw. and A. oblongata Dyer (A. costata Korth.) A. brunnea Fowx., A. polyandra Bl., and A. kostermansiana Dilmy (all to A. thurifera (Blco) Bl.), Vatica blancoana Foxw. (V. umbonata (Hook f.) Burck), V. simalurensis Sloot. (V. venulosa Bl.), V. subcordata Bl., V. celebica Bl. and V. papuana Dyer (all to V. rassak (Korth.) Bl, V. stipulata Ridl. (V. hullettii (Ridl.) comb. nov.), V. sumatrana (Miq.) Burck and V. wallichii Dyer (V. pauciftora (Korth.) Bl.), V. scaphifolia Kosterm. (V. javanica Sloot.), V. obtusifolia Elm. (V. mangachapoi (Blco) BI.), V. songa Sloot. (V. perakensis King); Hopea argentea Meijer (H. cernua T.et B.) H. kelantaneusis Sym. and H. garangbuaya Ashton (H. coriacea Burck.) H. woodiana Gutierrez (H. malibato Foxw.), H siamensis Heim, (H. pedicellata Brandis), H. dolosa Sloot. (H. celebica Brandis), H. nabirensis Sloot. (H. iriana Sloot.), H. resinosa Sym. (H. pachycarpa (Heim) Sym.), Shorea flava Meijer (S. falciferoides Dyer), S. glaucescens Meijer (S. falciferoides Foxw.), S. ciliata Foxw. (non King) (S. astylosa Foxw.), S. rogersiana Raizda and Smitinand (S. laevis Ridl.), Pentacme mendanensis Foxw. (S. contorta Vidal). S. resinanegra Foxw. (S. longisperma Roxb.), S. kalunti Merr. (S. hopeifolia (Heim) Sym.), S. sororia Sloot. (S. assamica Dyer), S. plagata Foxw. and S. agsaboensis Stern (S. pauciflora King). Parashorea stellata Kurz and P. lucida (Miq.) Kurz are reinstated as separate species. Balanocarpus heimii Sym. is transferred to a new taxon Neobalanocarpus gen. nov. The identity of Parashorea warburgii Brandis, Hopea dasyrrhachis Sloot., H. gregaria Sloot. and H. plagata Vidal, S. siamensis Miq. and S. virescens Parijs is discussed. There are 3 species of Dipterocarpus, 5 of Vatica, 8 of Hopea and 6 of Shorea described for the first time; subspecies are defined in Dipterocarpus caudatus Foxw., D. palembanicus Sloot., Anisoptera thurifera (Blco) Bl., Vatica venulosa Bl., V. granulata Sloot., V. javanica Sloot., V. mangachapoi (Blco) Bl., Dryobalanops oblongifolia Dyer, Shorea falciferoides Foxw., S. parvistipulata Heim. S. singkawang Miq. and S. curtisii Dyer.
N.P. Balakrishnan and N.G. Nair
A new variety of Cnesmone javanica Bl. from South Andaman Island, India [Page 49 - 50]
A new variety of Cnesmone javanica Bl. from South Andaman Island, India [Page 49 - 50]
Abstract:
A new variety Cnesmone javanica Bl. Var. glabriuscula Balakr. & N. G. Nair (EUPHORBIACEAE) is described with illustrations, from South Andaman Island of Bay of Bengal in India.
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A new variety Cnesmone javanica Bl. Var. glabriuscula Balakr. & N. G. Nair (EUPHORBIACEAE) is described with illustrations, from South Andaman Island of Bay of Bengal in India.
T.C. Whitmore
The genus in "Greater India" [Page 51 - 56]
The genus in "Greater India" [Page 51 - 56]
Abstract:
Only 12 Macaranga are known from 'Greater India', these are keyed out and annotated. Several remain very inadequately collected. M. gmelinifolia is reduced to M. pustulata and confusion between M. indica and M. peltata is resolved.
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Only 12 Macaranga are known from 'Greater India', these are keyed out and annotated. Several remain very inadequately collected. M. gmelinifolia is reduced to M. pustulata and confusion between M. indica and M. peltata is resolved.
N.P. Balakrishnan and P. Chakraborty
A new species of Macaranga from Nicobar Islands [Page 57 - 60]
A new species of Macaranga from Nicobar Islands [Page 57 - 60]
Abstract:
A new species Macaranga nicobarica (Euphorbiaceae) is described with illustrations from Nicobar group of islands in the Bay of Bengal.
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A new species Macaranga nicobarica (Euphorbiaceae) is described with illustrations from Nicobar group of islands in the Bay of Bengal.
May Lay Fu
Plantlets from Paulonia tissue culture [Page 61 - 66]
Plantlets from Paulonia tissue culture [Page 61 - 66]
Abstract:
Plantlets were produced from white and firm callus tissue of Paulownia taiwaniana Hu & Chang initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Illuminated by 400 ft.-c of light for 16 hrs/day at 25°C., leafy shoots were initiated followed by roots at a later stage. Whole plantlets were then isolated from callus. Plantlets after transplanting into the soil survived.
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Plantlets were produced from white and firm callus tissue of Paulownia taiwaniana Hu & Chang initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Illuminated by 400 ft.-c of light for 16 hrs/day at 25°C., leafy shoots were initiated followed by roots at a later stage. Whole plantlets were then isolated from callus. Plantlets after transplanting into the soil survived.
R.D. Hoogland
Saurauiae Gerontogeae: II Notes on some species of Java [Page 67 - 72]
Saurauiae Gerontogeae: II Notes on some species of Java [Page 67 - 72]
Abstract:
Nomenclatural notes are given for 4 species from Java: Saurauia bracteosa DC., S. javanica (Nees) Hoogl. (Reinwardtia javanica Nees; syn.: S. reinwardtiana Bl.), S. lanceolata DC. (syn.: S. micrantha Bl.), and S. microphylla Vriese (syn.: S. blumiana Benn. non S. blumeana Spreng.). S. bogoriensis Hoogl. is described as a new species Java.
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Nomenclatural notes are given for 4 species from Java: Saurauia bracteosa DC., S. javanica (Nees) Hoogl. (Reinwardtia javanica Nees; syn.: S. reinwardtiana Bl.), S. lanceolata DC. (syn.: S. micrantha Bl.), and S. microphylla Vriese (syn.: S. blumiana Benn. non S. blumeana Spreng.). S. bogoriensis Hoogl. is described as a new species Java.
R.D. Hoogland
Saurauiae Gerontogeae: III Two new species from Floras [Page 73 - 76]
Saurauiae Gerontogeae: III Two new species from Floras [Page 73 - 76]
Abstract:
Two new species of Saurauia are described from the island of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Islands: S. schmutzii Hoogl. and S. verheijenii Hoogl.
Two new species of Saurauia are described from the island of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Islands: S. schmutzii Hoogl. and S. verheijenii Hoogl.
Index
Index [Page 77 - 80]
Index [Page 77 - 80]
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Year of Publication: 1978, Supplementary Vol.01
Date Published
1978
Year of Publication: 1977, Vol. 30
Date Published
B. Molesworth Allen
Dr. R. E. Holttum: An Appreciation [Page 1 - 3]
Dr. R. E. Holttum: An Appreciation [Page 1 - 3]
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H. M. Burkill
Richard Eric Holttum, Croix de Guerre. A note [Page 5]
Richard Eric Holttum, Croix de Guerre. A note [Page 5]
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A.. C. Jermy
Dr. R. E. Holttum — Eightieth Celebration [Page 7 - 8]
Dr. R. E. Holttum — Eightieth Celebration [Page 7 - 8]
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No abstract
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K. C. Cheang and A. G. Alphonso
Holttum's contribution to horticulture in the Malaysia — Singapore region [Page 9 - 12]
Holttum's contribution to horticulture in the Malaysia — Singapore region [Page 9 - 12]
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Barbara Joe Hoshizaki
Staghorn Ferns Today and Tomorrow [Page 13 - 15]
Staghorn Ferns Today and Tomorrow [Page 13 - 15]
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No abstract
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Soejatmi Soenarko
A New Species of Nastus from Sumba [Page 17 - 19]
A New Species of Nastus from Sumba [Page 17 - 19]
Abstract:
An illustrated description of Nastus reholttumianus S. Soenarko is presented and this new species is compared with N. rudimentifer Holtt. and N. obtosus Holtt.
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An illustrated description of Nastus reholttumianus S. Soenarko is presented and this new species is compared with N. rudimentifer Holtt. and N. obtosus Holtt.
David W. Lee
On Iridescent Plants [Page 21 - 29]
On Iridescent Plants [Page 21 - 29]
Abstract:
Plants with leaves of iridescent blue and green colour are common in the deep shade of Malaysian rain-forests. Simple anatomical observations have revealed that the green iridescence is due to the refraction of diffuse light onto specially-oriented chloroplasts by lense-shaped cells. Blue iridescence colour is due to the operation of thin film interference filters in or on the epidermis. The advantage of such a filter in forest shade plants is the effective absorption of red wavelengths of light at the expense of the reflection of less important blue wavelengths. This report documents iridescence in the leaves of many unstudied taxa (mainly pteridophytes), common in Malaysian rain-forests.
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Plants with leaves of iridescent blue and green colour are common in the deep shade of Malaysian rain-forests. Simple anatomical observations have revealed that the green iridescence is due to the refraction of diffuse light onto specially-oriented chloroplasts by lense-shaped cells. Blue iridescence colour is due to the operation of thin film interference filters in or on the epidermis. The advantage of such a filter in forest shade plants is the effective absorption of red wavelengths of light at the expense of the reflection of less important blue wavelengths. This report documents iridescence in the leaves of many unstudied taxa (mainly pteridophytes), common in Malaysian rain-forests.
A. G. Piggott
The Ferns of Gunong Ulu Kali [Page 31 - 43]
The Ferns of Gunong Ulu Kali [Page 31 - 43]
Abstract:
The various habitats on the peak of Ulu Kali and in the surrounding area, the Genting Highlands, are described. Some one hundred species and varieties of ferns found between 5,000 feet and the summit are listed.
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The various habitats on the peak of Ulu Kali and in the surrounding area, the Genting Highlands, are described. Some one hundred species and varieties of ferns found between 5,000 feet and the summit are listed.
G. J. de Joncheere
Specific Concept in Humata pectinata [Page 45 - 58]
Specific Concept in Humata pectinata [Page 45 - 58]
Abstract:
The genus Humata Cav., of Davalliaceous affinity, is a typically tropical East Asian group of ferns, extending with a few outlying species to Madagascar in the West, Japan in the North and far into the Pacific to the East, but having its centre of distribution in Malesia. Thus, several species of Humata occur in Malaya-proper and the reader may be referred to the account of the genus in Holttum's well-known book on the ferns of Malaya (1954). Holttum remarks on the difficulty of specific delimitation in the genus generally, caused by plasticity and variability, also to be observed, by the way, in other genera of the same relationship, like Davallia, Scyphularia, etc. In fact, Holttum suggests in the elaborate observations he makes under the specific descriptions that several species described from adjacent regions are doubtfully distinct from the Malayan Humatae recognized by him. But in the case of Humata pectinata (J. E. Smith) Desv., additional comment is limited to a short note on its ecology. Still, a long history is attached to the name Humata pectinata, also as to how it should be interpreted and it may therefore be interesting to follow the vicissitudes of the specific concept that have been attached to this name.
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The genus Humata Cav., of Davalliaceous affinity, is a typically tropical East Asian group of ferns, extending with a few outlying species to Madagascar in the West, Japan in the North and far into the Pacific to the East, but having its centre of distribution in Malesia. Thus, several species of Humata occur in Malaya-proper and the reader may be referred to the account of the genus in Holttum's well-known book on the ferns of Malaya (1954). Holttum remarks on the difficulty of specific delimitation in the genus generally, caused by plasticity and variability, also to be observed, by the way, in other genera of the same relationship, like Davallia, Scyphularia, etc. In fact, Holttum suggests in the elaborate observations he makes under the specific descriptions that several species described from adjacent regions are doubtfully distinct from the Malayan Humatae recognized by him. But in the case of Humata pectinata (J. E. Smith) Desv., additional comment is limited to a short note on its ecology. Still, a long history is attached to the name Humata pectinata, also as to how it should be interpreted and it may therefore be interesting to follow the vicissitudes of the specific concept that have been attached to this name.
B.L. Burtt
Curcuma zedoaria [Page 59 - 62]
Curcuma zedoaria [Page 59 - 62]
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K. Iwatsuki
Studies in the Systematics of Filmy Ferns II. A note on Meringium and the taxa allied to this [Page 63 - 74]
Studies in the Systematics of Filmy Ferns II. A note on Meringium and the taxa allied to this [Page 63 - 74]
Abstract:
The evaluated taxonomic features of Meringium and the 'genera' allied to this are revised from the standpoint of comparative morphology. The features observed in detail are denticulation, hairs, internal cell walls, and sorus. Based on the observation of these features, the systems given by Copeland and Morton are critically discussed by the author who proposes several amendments for their systems, such as: Hymenophyllum s.str. is distinguished from Meringium only by the soral construction and Mecodium by the hairs and sorus; Hemicyatheon is identical with Meringium and H. levingei is better segregated from Hymenophyllum s.str.
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The evaluated taxonomic features of Meringium and the 'genera' allied to this are revised from the standpoint of comparative morphology. The features observed in detail are denticulation, hairs, internal cell walls, and sorus. Based on the observation of these features, the systems given by Copeland and Morton are critically discussed by the author who proposes several amendments for their systems, such as: Hymenophyllum s.str. is distinguished from Meringium only by the soral construction and Mecodium by the hairs and sorus; Hemicyatheon is identical with Meringium and H. levingei is better segregated from Hymenophyllum s.str.
J. Dransfield
Calamus caesius and Calamus trachycoleus Compared [Page 75 - 78]
Calamus caesius and Calamus trachycoleus Compared [Page 75 - 78]
Abstract:
Two closely related rattan palms, Calamus caesius and C. trachycoleus are shown to have remarkably different habits; the silvicultural significance of the difference in habit is discussed.
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Two closely related rattan palms, Calamus caesius and C. trachycoleus are shown to have remarkably different habits; the silvicultural significance of the difference in habit is discussed.
K. U. Kramer
Synaptospory: a hypothesis. A possible function of spore sculpture in pteridophytes [Page 79 - 83]
Synaptospory: a hypothesis. A possible function of spore sculpture in pteridophytes [Page 79 - 83]
Abstract:
Part of the spore output of some ferns is shed in groups of spores, sometimes still contained within the sporangium. It is theorized that spore sculpture, particularly a distinct, strongly sculptured perispore, plays a part in keeping, or bringing, spores together. This is important for increasing the chance for intergametophytic fertilization. The want of a pronounced spore sculpture in most epiphytic ferns and the strongly sculptured spores of heterosporous pteridophytes are brought in connexion with the phenomenon, tentatively called synaptospory.
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Part of the spore output of some ferns is shed in groups of spores, sometimes still contained within the sporangium. It is theorized that spore sculpture, particularly a distinct, strongly sculptured perispore, plays a part in keeping, or bringing, spores together. This is important for increasing the chance for intergametophytic fertilization. The want of a pronounced spore sculpture in most epiphytic ferns and the strongly sculptured spores of heterosporous pteridophytes are brought in connexion with the phenomenon, tentatively called synaptospory.
E. Soepadmo and E. E. Khoo
Spore Morphology of Malayan Dennstaedtiaceae sensu Holttum [Page 85 - 95]
Spore Morphology of Malayan Dennstaedtiaceae sensu Holttum [Page 85 - 95]
Abstract:
Spore morphology of 28 species belonging to 28 genera included by Holttum (1954) in the Dennstaedtiaceae are described. Amongst the Malaysian taxa there are at least seven distinct spore-types. The disposition of the Malaysian genera in these spore-types does not conform with any of the existing systems of classification. Only spores of those genera assigned by Holttum in the subfamilies Davallioideae, Dryopteridoideae and Tectarioideae show some degree of uniformity.
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Spore morphology of 28 species belonging to 28 genera included by Holttum (1954) in the Dennstaedtiaceae are described. Amongst the Malaysian taxa there are at least seven distinct spore-types. The disposition of the Malaysian genera in these spore-types does not conform with any of the existing systems of classification. Only spores of those genera assigned by Holttum in the subfamilies Davallioideae, Dryopteridoideae and Tectarioideae show some degree of uniformity.
W. R. Philipson
An Enumeration of the Malesian Species of Aralia [Page 97 - 100]
An Enumeration of the Malesian Species of Aralia [Page 97 - 100]
Abstract:
The species of Aralia in South-east Asia and the adjacent islands have been subject to considerable misunderstanding. The present account takes a broad view of specific limits, following along lines originally proposed by van Steenis (Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenz. ser. 3, 17 (1948) 391).
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The species of Aralia in South-east Asia and the adjacent islands have been subject to considerable misunderstanding. The present account takes a broad view of specific limits, following along lines originally proposed by van Steenis (Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenz. ser. 3, 17 (1948) 391).
Liew Fah Seong
Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies on the Spores of Pteridophytes XI. Oleandraceae [Page 101 - 110]
Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies on the Spores of Pteridophytes XI. Oleandraceae [Page 101 - 110]
Abstract:
The monolete bilateral spores of three genera of ferns belonging to the Oleandraceae (Oleandra, Nephrolepis and Arthropteris) were examined by scanning electron microscope. It is found that the spores of Oleandra are characterized by a large folded perine, and densely echinate exine bearing pointed spines or blunt supporting rods. Arthropteris possesses spores with those of Oleandra, this genus may well be included in the family Oleandraceae. Spores of Nephrolepis, on the other hand, being characterized by insulate or verrucose perines, thus resemble more closely those of the Davalliaceae, the closest relative of Nephrolepis. However, many of its morphological and anatomical characteristics are so distinctive and unique that it clearly constitutes a natural group by itself, and should, as proposed by Ponce de Leon (1953), be treated as the only member of an independent family, the Nephrolepidaceae.
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The monolete bilateral spores of three genera of ferns belonging to the Oleandraceae (Oleandra, Nephrolepis and Arthropteris) were examined by scanning electron microscope. It is found that the spores of Oleandra are characterized by a large folded perine, and densely echinate exine bearing pointed spines or blunt supporting rods. Arthropteris possesses spores with those of Oleandra, this genus may well be included in the family Oleandraceae. Spores of Nephrolepis, on the other hand, being characterized by insulate or verrucose perines, thus resemble more closely those of the Davalliaceae, the closest relative of Nephrolepis. However, many of its morphological and anatomical characteristics are so distinctive and unique that it clearly constitutes a natural group by itself, and should, as proposed by Ponce de Leon (1953), be treated as the only member of an independent family, the Nephrolepidaceae.
R. D. Hoogland
Saurauiae Gerontogeae I. Notes on Malayan species [Page 111 - 122]
Saurauiae Gerontogeae I. Notes on Malayan species [Page 111 - 122]
Abstract:
Saurauia tristyla has been erroneously recorded from Malaya; the correct placement of these records is discussed. S. roxburghii Wall, and S. napaulensis DC. are new records for the area. S. pentapetala (Jack) Hoogl., is proposed as a new combination, with basionym Ternstroemia pentapetala Jack. Three new species are described: S. fragrans Hoogl., S. mahmudii Hoogl., and S. malayana Hoogl. S. cauliflora var. calycina King is placed in synonymy under S. leprosa Korth., and S. grandis Ridl. in synonymy under S. vulcani Korth. The altitudinal distribution of the 10 species found in Malaya is discussed.
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Saurauia tristyla has been erroneously recorded from Malaya; the correct placement of these records is discussed. S. roxburghii Wall, and S. napaulensis DC. are new records for the area. S. pentapetala (Jack) Hoogl., is proposed as a new combination, with basionym Ternstroemia pentapetala Jack. Three new species are described: S. fragrans Hoogl., S. mahmudii Hoogl., and S. malayana Hoogl. S. cauliflora var. calycina King is placed in synonymy under S. leprosa Korth., and S. grandis Ridl. in synonymy under S. vulcani Korth. The altitudinal distribution of the 10 species found in Malaya is discussed.
Tetsuo Koyama
The Cyperaceae Tribe Cypereae of Ceylon [Page 123 - 164]
The Cyperaceae Tribe Cypereae of Ceylon [Page 123 - 164]
Abstract:
This taxonomic treatment, revising all the Ceylonese taxa of the Cyperaceae tribe Cypereae, enumerates 59 species of four genera, Cyperus, Pycreus, Mariscus and Kyllinga. The following new names are proposed: Cyperus compressus ssp. micranthus, C. diffusus ssp. macrostachyus, C. nutans ssp. eleusinoides, Pycreus flavidus, P. pumilus ssp. membranaceus, Mariscus cyperinus ssp. laxatus, M. pedunculatus, M. sumatrensis, and Kyllinga odorata ssp. cylindrica.
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This taxonomic treatment, revising all the Ceylonese taxa of the Cyperaceae tribe Cypereae, enumerates 59 species of four genera, Cyperus, Pycreus, Mariscus and Kyllinga. The following new names are proposed: Cyperus compressus ssp. micranthus, C. diffusus ssp. macrostachyus, C. nutans ssp. eleusinoides, Pycreus flavidus, P. pumilus ssp. membranaceus, Mariscus cyperinus ssp. laxatus, M. pedunculatus, M. sumatrensis, and Kyllinga odorata ssp. cylindrica.
S. C. Chin
The Limestone Hill Flora of Malaya I [Page 165 - 219]
The Limestone Hill Flora of Malaya I [Page 165 - 219]
Abstract:
Limestone habitats, chiefly karst towers, in the Malayan Peninsula, support a rich flora of about 1216 species of vascular plants, in 582 genera and 124 families. Phanerogam families total 119, representing 61.6% of the total number of phanerogam families recorded for the whole Malayan flora; only 72 families are not represented on limestone, and these are mostly aquatics or small rare groups. Specific endemism among the limestone plants is 21.4% (261 species), and of these 10.7% (130 species) are found only on limestone. There are 335 species "characteristic" of the limestone flora, and 254 of these (20.8%) are restricted to limestone. The limestone vegetation is described and classified into "types" and secondary vegetation and succession is discussed. Pioneer species on limestone include those found on other disturbed terrestrial habitats in Malaya. Some plants found on limestone are found elsewhere in Malaya only at significantly higher elevations. A discussion of the geological origin and distribution of the Malayan limestone areas is also included.
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Limestone habitats, chiefly karst towers, in the Malayan Peninsula, support a rich flora of about 1216 species of vascular plants, in 582 genera and 124 families. Phanerogam families total 119, representing 61.6% of the total number of phanerogam families recorded for the whole Malayan flora; only 72 families are not represented on limestone, and these are mostly aquatics or small rare groups. Specific endemism among the limestone plants is 21.4% (261 species), and of these 10.7% (130 species) are found only on limestone. There are 335 species "characteristic" of the limestone flora, and 254 of these (20.8%) are restricted to limestone. The limestone vegetation is described and classified into "types" and secondary vegetation and succession is discussed. Pioneer species on limestone include those found on other disturbed terrestrial habitats in Malaya. Some plants found on limestone are found elsewhere in Malaya only at significantly higher elevations. A discussion of the geological origin and distribution of the Malayan limestone areas is also included.
J. A. Crabbe
Holttum's New Taxa and Name-changes in Ferns [Page 221 - 238]
Holttum's New Taxa and Name-changes in Ferns [Page 221 - 238]
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M. G. Price
Philippine Dryopteris [Page 239 - 250]
Philippine Dryopteris [Page 239 - 250]
Abstract:
A key to the thirteen recognized Philippine species of Dryopteris is presented, with descriptions of two new species, D. uropinna and D. permagna, and four species not hitherto reported as Philippine: D. chrysocoma, D. pulvinulifera, D. polita, and D. formosana. Ctenitis mearnsii is reduced to Nothoperanema hendersonii.
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A key to the thirteen recognized Philippine species of Dryopteris is presented, with descriptions of two new species, D. uropinna and D. permagna, and four species not hitherto reported as Philippine: D. chrysocoma, D. pulvinulifera, D. polita, and D. formosana. Ctenitis mearnsii is reduced to Nothoperanema hendersonii.
Warren Herb Wagner Jr. and Florence S. Wagner
Fertile-sterile Leaf Dimorphy in Ferns [Page 251 - 267]
Fertile-sterile Leaf Dimorphy in Ferns [Page 251 - 267]
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Gunnar Seidenfaden
A note on Dendrobium serpens [Page 269 - 274]
A note on Dendrobium serpens [Page 269 - 274]
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Benjamin C. Stone
Notes on the Systematy of Malayan Phanerogams XXV, Araliaceae [Page 275 - 291]
Notes on the Systematy of Malayan Phanerogams XXV, Araliaceae [Page 275 - 291]
Abstract:
Two genera are reduced to synonymy, Wardenia King to Brassaiopsis Decne. & Planch., and Acanthophora Merr. to Aralia L. Critical notes on some other genera, some new combinations, and two new species, Brassaiopsis minor and Schefflera singularis, are published. A brief growth analysis of Arthrophyllum diversifolium sensu King is presented.
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Two genera are reduced to synonymy, Wardenia King to Brassaiopsis Decne. & Planch., and Acanthophora Merr. to Aralia L. Critical notes on some other genera, some new combinations, and two new species, Brassaiopsis minor and Schefflera singularis, are published. A brief growth analysis of Arthrophyllum diversifolium sensu King is presented.
A. C. Jermy and T. G. Walker
A note on the cytology of Botrychium lanuginosum and the occurrence of genus in Malesia [Page 293 - 298]
A note on the cytology of Botrychium lanuginosum and the occurrence of genus in Malesia [Page 293 - 298]
Abstract:
Over the past twenty-five years intensive plant collecting has shown two species of Botrychium (B. lanuginosum Wall, ex Hook. & Grev. and B. australe R. Br.) to be present in eastern New Guinea, the former hitherto confined to Central—S.E. Asia and reaching to the Central Himalaya and the latter Australasian with a possible representive in S. America. A further species, B. daucifotium Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., is distributed from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) to the Philippines and Sulawesi (Celebes) with questionable outlying records in Fiji and Samoa, reaching S. China in the North, and replaced by a taxon of doubtful specific identity in Japan (B. japonicum (Prantl) Underw.). B. lanuginosum was found in large quantities in the kunai grasslands at 1600 m in the Finisterre Mountains of E. New Guinea and material fixed in the field has proved to be octoploid n = 180) and also hexaploid, suggesting the tetraploid cytotype recorded by other workers in India and Sri Lanka may also be present in New Guinea.
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Over the past twenty-five years intensive plant collecting has shown two species of Botrychium (B. lanuginosum Wall, ex Hook. & Grev. and B. australe R. Br.) to be present in eastern New Guinea, the former hitherto confined to Central—S.E. Asia and reaching to the Central Himalaya and the latter Australasian with a possible representive in S. America. A further species, B. daucifotium Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., is distributed from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) to the Philippines and Sulawesi (Celebes) with questionable outlying records in Fiji and Samoa, reaching S. China in the North, and replaced by a taxon of doubtful specific identity in Japan (B. japonicum (Prantl) Underw.). B. lanuginosum was found in large quantities in the kunai grasslands at 1600 m in the Finisterre Mountains of E. New Guinea and material fixed in the field has proved to be octoploid n = 180) and also hexaploid, suggesting the tetraploid cytotype recorded by other workers in India and Sri Lanka may also be present in New Guinea.
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