Year of Publication: 1924, Vol. 03 (04-06) (The Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements)
Date Published
15 April 1924
Year of Publication: 1923, Vol. 03 (01-03) (The Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements)
Date Published
August 1923
Burkill, I.H.
The Fertility of Branched Coconut Palms [Page 1 - 2]
The Fertility of Branched Coconut Palms [Page 1 - 2]
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Lennon, J.
An Experiment with Lettuces [Page 2 - 3]
An Experiment with Lettuces [Page 2 - 3]
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No abstract
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Burkill, I.H.
A Spiny Yam from Sumatra [Page 3 - 4]
A Spiny Yam from Sumatra [Page 3 - 4]
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No abstract
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Burkill, I.H.
Tahitian Yam [Page 4 - 5]
Tahitian Yam [Page 4 - 5]
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No abstract
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Burkill, I.H.
Yams at the Malaya - Borneo Exhibition [Page 5 - 8]
Yams at the Malaya - Borneo Exhibition [Page 5 - 8]
Abstract:
The Malay-Borneo Exhibition (Singapore, April, 1922) with its agricultural and horticultural objects collected from all parts of the Malay Peninsula, from Sarawak and from Brunei offered an unequalled opportunity of collecting information regarding native crops and was so used. Then at its winding up, through the Committee for the Agri-Horticultural Section exhibitors were persuaded to give many of their exhibits to the Botanic Gardens, notably roots, and from among them a set of yams went into cultivation in the Economic Garden for better study. This is a report upon them. Of their genus, - the genus Dioscorea, - four species were exhibited in abundance in the following order:- Dioscorea alata, Linn. - the Greater Yam, Dioscorea esculenta, Burk. - the Lesser Yam, Dioscorea hispida, Dennst. - The Gadong, Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn. - of all four species there were exhibits from the Malay Peninsula; of the first two from Brunei; and of the first from Sarawak. Incidentally it was observed that Yam-scale exists in Malacca, Klang, Pahang and Brunei. The tubers after a preliminary disinfection, were planted on April, 21st. They were dug again on January 6th., 1923.
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The Malay-Borneo Exhibition (Singapore, April, 1922) with its agricultural and horticultural objects collected from all parts of the Malay Peninsula, from Sarawak and from Brunei offered an unequalled opportunity of collecting information regarding native crops and was so used. Then at its winding up, through the Committee for the Agri-Horticultural Section exhibitors were persuaded to give many of their exhibits to the Botanic Gardens, notably roots, and from among them a set of yams went into cultivation in the Economic Garden for better study. This is a report upon them. Of their genus, - the genus Dioscorea, - four species were exhibited in abundance in the following order:- Dioscorea alata, Linn. - the Greater Yam, Dioscorea esculenta, Burk. - the Lesser Yam, Dioscorea hispida, Dennst. - The Gadong, Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn. - of all four species there were exhibits from the Malay Peninsula; of the first two from Brunei; and of the first from Sarawak. Incidentally it was observed that Yam-scale exists in Malacca, Klang, Pahang and Brunei. The tubers after a preliminary disinfection, were planted on April, 21st. They were dug again on January 6th., 1923.
Burkill, I.H.
The As-Yet Botanically Unexplored Parts of the Malay Peninsula [Page 8 - 9]
The As-Yet Botanically Unexplored Parts of the Malay Peninsula [Page 8 - 9]
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Holttum, R.E.
Abnormal Inflorescences of Elaeocarpus petiolatus [Page 11 - 12]
Abnormal Inflorescences of Elaeocarpus petiolatus [Page 11 - 12]
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Burkill, I.H.
Orchid Notes [Page 12 - 18]
Orchid Notes [Page 12 - 18]
Abstract:
This orchid was brought to me by Mr. Poul Feddersen as an epiphyte which he had found near Johore Bahru. It is a typical Dendrobium of the section Sarcopodium, falling, in Dr. F. Kranzlin's arrangement of the species of Sarcopodium (Engler's Pflanzenreich, IV, 50, II B. 21, p. 321), near to Dendrobium elongatum, Lindl., but being quite distinct from it, and not possessing the affinity to the section Desmotrichum which that species has. As one of the Sarcopodiums with rather numerous flowers, and these prettily coloured, it may not be worthy of cultivation. The duration of the flowers, however, is unknown to me, and possibly it is a little exacting in the conditions of flowering.
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This orchid was brought to me by Mr. Poul Feddersen as an epiphyte which he had found near Johore Bahru. It is a typical Dendrobium of the section Sarcopodium, falling, in Dr. F. Kranzlin's arrangement of the species of Sarcopodium (Engler's Pflanzenreich, IV, 50, II B. 21, p. 321), near to Dendrobium elongatum, Lindl., but being quite distinct from it, and not possessing the affinity to the section Desmotrichum which that species has. As one of the Sarcopodiums with rather numerous flowers, and these prettily coloured, it may not be worthy of cultivation. The duration of the flowers, however, is unknown to me, and possibly it is a little exacting in the conditions of flowering.
Burkill, I.H.
Haplochorema sumatranum [Page 18 - 19]
Haplochorema sumatranum [Page 18 - 19]
Abstract:
The late Dr. Karl Schumann defined in 1899 a genus Haplochorema, with then four species from Borneo, to which he added two more from the same island in 1900. He remarked that its affinity was close with Kaempferia, but that by having an unilocular ovary, it appeared sharply disitnguished from this and from other genera of the Zingiberaceae to which it belongs. If the character drawn from the ovary holds good than a Sumatran plant now in cultivation in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore is also a Haplochorema: but it suggests Gastrochilus more than Kaempferia. The ovary of all the species in these three genera should be examined afresh to decide how they differ and are to be distinguished. Dr. T. Valeton has already questioned the soundness of Karl Schumann's judgment in regard to an unicellular ovary in a few Zingiberaceae marking them off as a genus, and in the Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, series 2, No. 27, 1918, p. 115, has reminded us that Curcuma Kunstleri, Baker, may possess one as an abnormality.
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The late Dr. Karl Schumann defined in 1899 a genus Haplochorema, with then four species from Borneo, to which he added two more from the same island in 1900. He remarked that its affinity was close with Kaempferia, but that by having an unilocular ovary, it appeared sharply disitnguished from this and from other genera of the Zingiberaceae to which it belongs. If the character drawn from the ovary holds good than a Sumatran plant now in cultivation in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore is also a Haplochorema: but it suggests Gastrochilus more than Kaempferia. The ovary of all the species in these three genera should be examined afresh to decide how they differ and are to be distinguished. Dr. T. Valeton has already questioned the soundness of Karl Schumann's judgment in regard to an unicellular ovary in a few Zingiberaceae marking them off as a genus, and in the Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, series 2, No. 27, 1918, p. 115, has reminded us that Curcuma Kunstleri, Baker, may possess one as an abnormality.
Burkill, I.H. & Holttum, R.E.
A Botanical Reconnaissance Upon the Main Range of the Peninsula at Fraser's Hill [Page 19 - 32]
A Botanical Reconnaissance Upon the Main Range of the Peninsula at Fraser's Hill [Page 19 - 32]
Abstract:
When a traveller ascends from the Semangkok pass to Fraser Hill, he passes at about 3300 feet out of a very lofty forest into one of lesser growth - its tall trees being 80 - 100 feet high at Fraser Hill. At a little distance from Fraser Hill where the range runs higher, about say 4700 feet, another type of forest appears, being of lesser growth and more mossy. The forest which we have studied especially is a part of that between 3300 and 4700 feet, namely that at Fraser Hill itself between 4000 and 4370 feet. Of its woody shading plants 57% are confined to the Peninsula, of its epiphytes 64% and its ground vegetation (seed plants) 63%. These are high percentages and indicate a considerable isolation of the mountains of the Peninsula. The species of the forest which are not endemic exist for the most part as lowland plants in the south of the Peninsula; by doing which they suggest that when the Peninsula was joined by land to Sumatra or to Borneo the land bridge was in climate and want of elevation as Johore and Singapore. It is clear that the montane species did not cross it. These montane species were evolved locally from typically Malaysian genera, and do not declare themselves immigrants evolved elsewhere. All their genera except Daphne, Geostachys, and Nenga are known from Borneo and all except Leptorrhyncha, Blastus, Anerincleistus, Phyllagathis, Filitia, Dacrydium, Agathis (introduced however) Camptandra, Geostachys and Joinvillea are known from Java; whereas as many as 60 of the genera are absent from Ceylon. We recognise as present another flora - the flora that requires open ground. It is small and of mixed origin, for there are in it species whose genesis would seem to be upon ground bared by landslides, and there are intruders following man. The flora is rather small for analysis though very interesting.
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When a traveller ascends from the Semangkok pass to Fraser Hill, he passes at about 3300 feet out of a very lofty forest into one of lesser growth - its tall trees being 80 - 100 feet high at Fraser Hill. At a little distance from Fraser Hill where the range runs higher, about say 4700 feet, another type of forest appears, being of lesser growth and more mossy. The forest which we have studied especially is a part of that between 3300 and 4700 feet, namely that at Fraser Hill itself between 4000 and 4370 feet. Of its woody shading plants 57% are confined to the Peninsula, of its epiphytes 64% and its ground vegetation (seed plants) 63%. These are high percentages and indicate a considerable isolation of the mountains of the Peninsula. The species of the forest which are not endemic exist for the most part as lowland plants in the south of the Peninsula; by doing which they suggest that when the Peninsula was joined by land to Sumatra or to Borneo the land bridge was in climate and want of elevation as Johore and Singapore. It is clear that the montane species did not cross it. These montane species were evolved locally from typically Malaysian genera, and do not declare themselves immigrants evolved elsewhere. All their genera except Daphne, Geostachys, and Nenga are known from Borneo and all except Leptorrhyncha, Blastus, Anerincleistus, Phyllagathis, Filitia, Dacrydium, Agathis (introduced however) Camptandra, Geostachys and Joinvillea are known from Java; whereas as many as 60 of the genera are absent from Ceylon. We recognise as present another flora - the flora that requires open ground. It is small and of mixed origin, for there are in it species whose genesis would seem to be upon ground bared by landslides, and there are intruders following man. The flora is rather small for analysis though very interesting.
Burkill, I.H. & Holttum, R.E.
Enumeration of the Seed-Plants, Ferns and Mosses Collected [Page 32 - 110]
Enumeration of the Seed-Plants, Ferns and Mosses Collected [Page 32 - 110]
Abstract:
In this enumeration the literature cited is the last only which sums up in any way the distribution of the plants in various parts of Western Malaysia.
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In this enumeration the literature cited is the last only which sums up in any way the distribution of the plants in various parts of Western Malaysia.
Rainfall
Rainfall [Page 111 - 120]
Rainfall [Page 111 - 120]
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Year of Publication: 1921, Vol. 02 (12) (The Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements)
Date Published
15 August 1921
Burkill, I.H.
Forests and their Retention of Rain Water [Page 419 - 421]
Forests and their Retention of Rain Water [Page 419 - 421]
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Deshmukh, G.B.
Some Tests of Garden Vegetables in Singapore - Lettuces [Page 421 - 423]
Some Tests of Garden Vegetables in Singapore - Lettuces [Page 421 - 423]
Abstract:
If reference be made to this Bulletin Vol. 2, No. 1, 1918, p. 9, a note will be found by Prof. C.F. baker upon lettuces tried by him in the Econimic Garden, Singapore. Since then, other lettuces have been tried, and the last of the experiments done, will be reported on here. The seed came from three different firms, Messrs, Sutton and Sons, Reading, England; Messrs. Vilmorin, Paris; and Messrs. Dreer & Co. Philadelphia U.S.A. The lettuces of different origin could not be tried against each other, as it was impossible to sow them together, but those from each firm were grown side by side.
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If reference be made to this Bulletin Vol. 2, No. 1, 1918, p. 9, a note will be found by Prof. C.F. baker upon lettuces tried by him in the Econimic Garden, Singapore. Since then, other lettuces have been tried, and the last of the experiments done, will be reported on here. The seed came from three different firms, Messrs, Sutton and Sons, Reading, England; Messrs. Vilmorin, Paris; and Messrs. Dreer & Co. Philadelphia U.S.A. The lettuces of different origin could not be tried against each other, as it was impossible to sow them together, but those from each firm were grown side by side.
Mathieu, E.
An Experiment with Sorghum vulgare, The Great Millet or Juar, from the Bombay Presidency [Page 423- 426]
An Experiment with Sorghum vulgare, The Great Millet or Juar, from the Bombay Presidency [Page 423- 426]
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Burkill, I.H.
A Note upon Plants Grown for Blue Dyes in the North of the Malay Peninsula [Page 426- 429]
A Note upon Plants Grown for Blue Dyes in the North of the Malay Peninsula [Page 426- 429]
Abstract:
Within the last few years a little information has rreached the Botanic Gardens upon plants raised in the north of the Peninsula for the sake of the blue dye that they yield; and three have been submitted for determination being :- Indigofera suffruticosa, Mill. Strobilanthes flaccidifolius, Nees, and Marsdenia tinctoria, R. Br.
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Within the last few years a little information has rreached the Botanic Gardens upon plants raised in the north of the Peninsula for the sake of the blue dye that they yield; and three have been submitted for determination being :- Indigofera suffruticosa, Mill. Strobilanthes flaccidifolius, Nees, and Marsdenia tinctoria, R. Br.
Chipp, T.F.
Another "Wet Rot" and Poria hypobrunnea [Page 429 - 432]
Another "Wet Rot" and Poria hypobrunnea [Page 429 - 432]
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Flippance, F.
The Cohune Nut [Page 432 - 435]
The Cohune Nut [Page 432 - 435]
Abstract:
The recent fruiting of the Cohune palm, believed to be its first in the Malay Peninsula, calls for more than a bald record. With object in view the following notes have been prepared and give (1) a short description of the plant, (2) its native habitat, (3) its uses, so far known, (4) the results analysis of the Nut and difficulties in oil extraction, (5) its possibilities. The plants mentioned above, as having fruited, are situated for the most part in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore: but two of a row of four plants in front of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, have also fruited. These plants are all about the same height and were probably raised from one particular batch of seeds, several consignments of which have been received and successfully raised at the Botanic Gardens, at various times. In view of this it can be safely assumed that all the plants now fruiting are of the same age. No record has been found to indicate the exact age of the trees, but as a result of careful enquiries it has been established beyong doubt, that they are from 25 to 30 years old. Care has been taken to avoid understanding the age, in order that experiments from a commercial point of view, should not be attempted under a misapprehension as to the length of time which must elapse between the time of sowing the seed and the fruiting period. Up to the latter part of 1918, the plants of Attalea Cohune in the Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon had not produced fruits.
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The recent fruiting of the Cohune palm, believed to be its first in the Malay Peninsula, calls for more than a bald record. With object in view the following notes have been prepared and give (1) a short description of the plant, (2) its native habitat, (3) its uses, so far known, (4) the results analysis of the Nut and difficulties in oil extraction, (5) its possibilities. The plants mentioned above, as having fruited, are situated for the most part in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore: but two of a row of four plants in front of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, have also fruited. These plants are all about the same height and were probably raised from one particular batch of seeds, several consignments of which have been received and successfully raised at the Botanic Gardens, at various times. In view of this it can be safely assumed that all the plants now fruiting are of the same age. No record has been found to indicate the exact age of the trees, but as a result of careful enquiries it has been established beyong doubt, that they are from 25 to 30 years old. Care has been taken to avoid understanding the age, in order that experiments from a commercial point of view, should not be attempted under a misapprehension as to the length of time which must elapse between the time of sowing the seed and the fruiting period. Up to the latter part of 1918, the plants of Attalea Cohune in the Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon had not produced fruits.
Deshmukh, G.B.
The Brazil-Nut Tree in Singapore [Page 435 - 438]
The Brazil-Nut Tree in Singapore [Page 435 - 438]
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Burkill, I.H.
The Correct Botanic Names for the White and Yellow Guinea Yams [Page 438 - 441]
The Correct Botanic Names for the White and Yellow Guinea Yams [Page 438 - 441]
Abstract:
In the Gardens' Bulletin (this volume No. 3, 1918, pp. 87-91) short notes were given upon the above named two West African Dioscoreas, being important foods of many millions of Negroes. In it the identity of the second with Dioscorea cayensis was stated; but no latin name was used for the first; and the purpose of returning to the subject here is to suggest that it is D. rotundata, Poiret (encyclopedie methodique, supplement, vol. III, 1913, p. 139). D. rotundata was described upon a specimen from the New World: but that Poiret could arrive at describing an African plant as West Indian is very easily understood.
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In the Gardens' Bulletin (this volume No. 3, 1918, pp. 87-91) short notes were given upon the above named two West African Dioscoreas, being important foods of many millions of Negroes. In it the identity of the second with Dioscorea cayensis was stated; but no latin name was used for the first; and the purpose of returning to the subject here is to suggest that it is D. rotundata, Poiret (encyclopedie methodique, supplement, vol. III, 1913, p. 139). D. rotundata was described upon a specimen from the New World: but that Poiret could arrive at describing an African plant as West Indian is very easily understood.
Burkill, I.H.
Orchid Notes [Page 441 - 444]
Orchid Notes [Page 441 - 444]
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Notes
Notes. A possible ancient migration of useful plants Westward in Asia [Page 444 - 445]
Notes. A possible ancient migration of useful plants Westward in Asia [Page 444 - 445]
Abstract:
In a very interesting account of "The origin and ethnological significance of Indian boat designs" (Memoirs Asiatic Soc. Bengal, VII. 1920, p. 139 - 256) Mr. James Howell suggests that a boat-using community once occupied the coasts of Southern India which was of Negrito stock, and this was followed by a proto-Polynesian stock, and then by the Malaysian wave which reached Madagascar. Later the Dravidians came into Southern India and Ceylon from the Mediterranean by land, and completely absorbed the sea-going people whom they found already there. These suggestions are worth remembering in connection with the migration of useful plants: the coconut for instance may have reached India by the agency of the second stock.
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In a very interesting account of "The origin and ethnological significance of Indian boat designs" (Memoirs Asiatic Soc. Bengal, VII. 1920, p. 139 - 256) Mr. James Howell suggests that a boat-using community once occupied the coasts of Southern India which was of Negrito stock, and this was followed by a proto-Polynesian stock, and then by the Malaysian wave which reached Madagascar. Later the Dravidians came into Southern India and Ceylon from the Mediterranean by land, and completely absorbed the sea-going people whom they found already there. These suggestions are worth remembering in connection with the migration of useful plants: the coconut for instance may have reached India by the agency of the second stock.
Rainfall
Rainfall [Page 446 - 450]
Rainfall [Page 446 - 450]
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Year of Publication: 1921, Vol. 02 (09-11) (The Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements)
Date Published
01 July 1921
Year of Publication: 1920, Vol. 02 (08) (The Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements)
Date Published
28 June 1920
Mathieu, E.
The Oil Palm in the East. II [Page 265 - 275]
The Oil Palm in the East. II [Page 265 - 275]
Abstract:
In the paper which appeared under the above title in the April number of the Gardens' Bulletin, several points of interest to the prospective planter of the oil-palm were touched upon, which it is now proposed to treat more fully.
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In the paper which appeared under the above title in the April number of the Gardens' Bulletin, several points of interest to the prospective planter of the oil-palm were touched upon, which it is now proposed to treat more fully.
Chipp, T. F.
A Host Index of Fungi of the Malay Peninsula, II [Page 276 - 282]
A Host Index of Fungi of the Malay Peninsula, II [Page 276 - 282]
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No abstract
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Mathieu, E.
Castor Oil as a Crop [Page 282 - 294]
Castor Oil as a Crop [Page 282 - 294]
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Flippance, F.
Betel [Page 294 - 300]
Betel [Page 294 - 300]
Abstract:
One of the first things noticed by the newcomer to the East is the red appearance on the lips and teeth of the natives together with their habit of chewing. He may also observe, particularly in country districts, that many of the natives carry a small tin or receptacle of some description about with them. A peep into the tin would bring to light various things but chief amongst them would be found some betel nut and betel leaves. These form the chief constituents of the mixture known as "betel" which is chewed by many of the Eastern people. In towns the mixture may be seen ready made up for sale. It is inteded to give a brief outline of these two ingredients namely Betel Nut, the seeds of Areca Catechu, L., and Betel leaf, the leaf of Piper betle, L. The production of the former particularly, is essentially a native industry and is interesting on the account.
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One of the first things noticed by the newcomer to the East is the red appearance on the lips and teeth of the natives together with their habit of chewing. He may also observe, particularly in country districts, that many of the natives carry a small tin or receptacle of some description about with them. A peep into the tin would bring to light various things but chief amongst them would be found some betel nut and betel leaves. These form the chief constituents of the mixture known as "betel" which is chewed by many of the Eastern people. In towns the mixture may be seen ready made up for sale. It is inteded to give a brief outline of these two ingredients namely Betel Nut, the seeds of Areca Catechu, L., and Betel leaf, the leaf of Piper betle, L. The production of the former particularly, is essentially a native industry and is interesting on the account.
Mathieu, E.
Some Trials of Food Plants in the Economic Gardens III. The Sword Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) [Page 300 - 301]
Some Trials of Food Plants in the Economic Gardens III. The Sword Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) [Page 300 - 301]
Abstract:
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Burkill, I.H.
Staking Yams [Page 301 - 302]
Staking Yams [Page 301 - 302]
Abstract:
The Chinese who grow yams in the Malay Peninsula do not trouble to stake them. This fails to obtain the best yield and should be remedied.
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The Chinese who grow yams in the Malay Peninsula do not trouble to stake them. This fails to obtain the best yield and should be remedied.
Chipp, T.F.
Some Factors in Plant Competition [Page 302 - 303]
Some Factors in Plant Competition [Page 302 - 303]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Effect of Lightning on Trees [Page 303 - 304]
Effect of Lightning on Trees [Page 303 - 304]
Abstract:
The question as to what extent groups of trees are effected by lightning and how far the damage extends after they have been struck is frequently discussed on estates where apprehension is often felt as to how wide a circle from the tree actually struck will be affected. The following extract taken from the Indian Forester Vol. XLVI. No. 3. contains interesting observations on this subject.
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The question as to what extent groups of trees are effected by lightning and how far the damage extends after they have been struck is frequently discussed on estates where apprehension is often felt as to how wide a circle from the tree actually struck will be affected. The following extract taken from the Indian Forester Vol. XLVI. No. 3. contains interesting observations on this subject.
Chipp, T.F.
Castor Oil Plant Diseases [Page 304]
Castor Oil Plant Diseases [Page 304]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Manuring of Rice [Page 304]
Manuring of Rice [Page 304]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Vegetable Oil and Palm Products Industry [Page 304 - 305]
Vegetable Oil and Palm Products Industry [Page 304 - 305]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Fruit Cultivation [Page 305]
Fruit Cultivation [Page 305]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Cola nitida at Singapore [Page 306]
Cola nitida at Singapore [Page 306]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Botanic Gardens [Page 306 - 307]
Botanic Gardens [Page 306 - 307]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Chrysil Rubber [Page 307]
Chrysil Rubber [Page 307]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
Vitamines [Page 308]
Vitamines [Page 308]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
The Discovery of Rubber [Page 309 - 310]
The Discovery of Rubber [Page 309 - 310]
Abstract:
No abstract
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Chipp, T.F.
How to Destroy Large Jungle Trees [Page 310]
How to Destroy Large Jungle Trees [Page 310]
Abstract:
In clearing the jungle from an estate it is often a great source of trouble and expense to get rid of the large jungle trees. Too often does one see their stumps and roots remaining, a ready centre of fungus infection to the rubber trees just when they are beginning to bear at their best. The following note taken from the Indian Forester, May,1920, may be of assistance to those about to clear jungle. Of course this method can only be employed whilst the tree is yet living.
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In clearing the jungle from an estate it is often a great source of trouble and expense to get rid of the large jungle trees. Too often does one see their stumps and roots remaining, a ready centre of fungus infection to the rubber trees just when they are beginning to bear at their best. The following note taken from the Indian Forester, May,1920, may be of assistance to those about to clear jungle. Of course this method can only be employed whilst the tree is yet living.
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