Gastrodia queenslandica Dockrill, a mycoheterotrophic orchid, was previously recorded from eastern Queensland, Australia. We recently encountered populations of Gastrodia R.Br. in Singapore and Thailand which appear to be conspecific with G. queenslandica. In 1889, Ridley collected this species in fruit from Singapore, but he incorrectly identified them as Didymoplexis pallens Griff. We present a comprehensive analysis including a detailed description, line drawing, colour plates, and notes on taxonomy and ecology. We assembled the plastome of Gastrodia queenslandica from Singapore, which is 29,498 bp in size, notably the smallest plastome recorded in the genus.

Didymoplexis micradenia (Rchb.f.) Hemsl. is newly recorded from Singapore. The species is widespread in Asia and Oceania, with a notable increase in recorded range in recent years. We consider this species native to Singapore. This is also a new generic record for Singapore, as all previous records of the related Didymoplexis pallens Griff. from Singapore have now been reidentified as Gastrodia queenslandica Dockrill.

Besides the now common Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R.Hunt (previously listed as Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose), Epiphyllum hookeri Haw. is also now newly reported here as a casual species of Cactaceae in Singapore’s flora.

A discussion is given of the doubtful presence in Peninsular Malaysia of several species of Mangifera L. that were considered by Kostermans & Bompard (1993) to occur there. In addition, 43 names in several genera of the Anacardiaceae that do grow in Peninsular Malaysia are lectotypified, and one name, Campnosperma coriaceum Jack, is neotypified.

A discussion is given of the doubtful presence in Peninsular Malaysia of several species of Mangifera L. that were considered by Kostermans & Bompard (1993) to occur there. In addition, 43 names in several genera of the Anacardiaceae that do grow in Peninsular Malaysia are lectotypified, and one name, Campnosperma coriaceum Jack, is neotypified.

A new ornamental species of Homalomena Schott, H. polyneura A.S.D.Irsyam & M.R.Hariri, is formally described from Central Papua, Indonesia.

Clerodendrum kelli R.Bustam., A.B.Tobias & Ples—a new species of the genus Clerodendrum L. (Lamiaceae) from the montane forests of Carranglan, Nueva Ecija, Luzon Island, Philippines—is described and illustrated. The species shares morphological features that are uncommon for the genus with both Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merr. (purple abaxial leaf surfaces) and C. mindorense Merr. (reduced fruiting calyx lobes), but differs from both in having lax (vs dense/compact) inflorescences bearing flowers with shorter corolla tubes and reddish-pink (vs green or purple) calyces with ovate (vs triangular or lanceolate) lobes. Additionally, a lectotype for C. mindorense is assigned. Preliminary assessment of its conservation status following IUCN guidelines places Clerodendrum kelli in the category of Critically Endangered (CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)).

Bulbophyllum placochilum J.J.Verm., endemic to Borneo, is newly recorded in the Philippines based on a specimen collected from Mt Malinao, Albay Province, Luzon Island. We provide a comprehensive account of the species, including a detailed morphological description, ecological observations, distribution range, phenology, and photographs. The species is assessed as Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. A key to species of Bulbophyllum sect. Altisceptrum J.J.Sm. in the Philippines is also included.

Curcuma corallina N.S.Lý & Škorničk., a new ginger species discovered in the south-central region of Vietnam, is described here with colour plates and notes on its distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology, and a preliminary IUCN conservation assessment. It is placed in Curcuma subg. Ecomatae Škorničk. & Šída f. and, for diagnostic purposes, is compared to C. rhomba Mood & K.Larsen, which is superficially similar in overall plant habit, a lack of bracteoles, and flower colour, but differs in rhizome structure, and the shape, size and colour of various floral parts.

Munronia assamica S.Dey & Bhaumik, a new species is described and illustrated from the Kopili River Basin, Dima Hasao District of Assam, India. The new species is morphologically similar to IAver. & K.S.Nguyen. A detailed taxonomic description, illustration, field photos and comparison with the nearest species are provided to aid its recognition. A phylogenetic analysis was also carried out to confirm its taxonomic position.

We report three novelties for the genus Hoya R.Br. in Arunachal Pradesh based on recent fieldwork: Hoya dawodiensis Sahani, Rodda, Pertin & Chowlu, sp. nov., most similar to Hoya acuminata Benth. ex Hook.f. but mainly separated on the shape of the corona, the first Indian record of H. yingjiangensis J.F.Zhang et al., and a new state record of H. nummularia Decne. ex Hook.f. In addition, Hoya obcordata Hook.f. and H. tengchongensis J.F.Zhang et al. are synonymised with H. nummularia, and the former is typified.

A thorough search of literature reveals that the type of Bauhinia cardiophylla Merr. is deposited at PNH but it was erroneously assumed to be at A. The earlier holotype citation of the name is corrected here to lectotype. Additionally, Bauhinia williamsii F.Muell. is lectotypified here.

The discovery of Phyllodon lingulatus (Cardot) W.R.Buck among several existing herbarium specimens collected from Singapore represents a new species record for the country. Additionally, the genus Phyllodon and the family Symphyodontaceae are both new records for Singapore. Phyllodon bilobatus (Dixon) P.E.A.S.Câmara is treated as a new synonym for P. lingulatus.

A population of Grona harmsii (Schindl.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi is discovered in Singapore. The species was previously known only from the coastal areas in Vietnam, and this is the first known occurrence outside its native range. The discovery, albeit non-native, represents a new species record to Singapore.

Five non-indigenous species, viz. Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae), Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew (Urticaceae), Leuenbergeria bleo (Kunth) Lodé (Cactaceae), Tradescantia spathacea Sw. (Commelinaceae) and Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) P.Wilson (Rutaceae), are reported here as new records of naturalised species or species of casual occurrence in Singapore. Hamelia, Leuenbergeria, Tradescantia and Triphasia are also new generic records for the naturalised flora of Singapore.

Five species and one genus of Amaranthaceae are newly recorded for Singapore, all being either non-native, naturalised, casual or cryptogenic species. A lectotype is designated for Chamissoa esculenta Moq., a synonym of Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br. ex Wight. In Crassulaceae the status of Bryophyllum Salisb. is clarified and a lectotype is designated for Cotyledon pinnata Lam.

Recent collections from Kapit, Sarawak (Borneo), have revealed several new species of stoloniflorous figs (earth figs). These plants bear their figs on ground-level or subterranean stolons rather than on aerial stems and have therefore been under-collected, appearing sterile to those who do not know to look at the ground. This study presents four newly described species (Ficus aureopilosa E.M.Gardner, F. pulchrifolia E.M.Gardner, F. rubrostellata E.M.Gardner, and F. salangii E.M.Gardner), one new variety (F. subterranea Corner var. pubescens E.M.Gardner), and one new name for a variety elevated to species level (Ficus pseudobeccarii E.M.Gardner = F. beccarii King var. latifolia Corner). We also provide a revised key and taxonomic notes for the earth figs of Kapit.

A new species, Begonia subaequifolia Y.P.Ang & J.Collantes, is here described and illustrated from Luzon Island, Philippines. It closely resembles Begonia jagori Warb. by having an upright habit, stems covered with short brown hairs, short petioles, and an elliptic lamina with an oblique and shallowly cordate base. However, Begonia subaequifolia is distinct by having smaller stipules, sub-symmetrically oblong-ovate to narrowly elliptic-ovate lamina with pinnate venation, a crenate or serrulate leaf margin, the staminate inflorescence in a dichasial cyme, and smaller tepals in staminate flowers. We also report the rediscovery of B. loheri Merr., a poorly known Philippine endemic Begonia species, and provide an amended description, lectotypification, and photographs.

A new species, Habenaria diwata R.Bustam., J.Collantes & M.R.B.Altamirano (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae), is described from Mount Malinao, Luzon Island, Philippines. Habenaria diwata most closely resembles the Taiwanese species H. tsaiana T.P.Lin in having bipartite petals with an entire posterior lobe and a tripartite labellum with an entire mid-lobe and subdivided side lobes, but differs by its shorter lateral sepals (9–11 mm long vs 12.5–13.5 mm long in H. tsaiana), anterior petal lobes that are mostly entire, with the lower margin lacerate or unequally bifid at the apex (vs subdivided into two segments), shorter labellum base (1 mm vs 1.5–2 mm) and labellum side lobes subdivided into two filiform segments (vs subdivided into three filiform segments). Differences of H. diwata from a similar Philippine species, H. lingulosa Ames, are briefly discussed. This discovery raises the current number of recognised Habenaria species in the Philippines to 22. Illustrations and information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and proposed conservation status are provided.

Newmania bambusifolia Škorničk., Vuong & Bao (Zingiberaceae: Zingiberoideae), a new ginger species discovered in Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh Hoa Province in southern Vietnam is described and illustrated here with notes on distribution, ecology, phenology, preliminary IUCN assessment, and etymology. It is distinct from all known congeners by the very narrow leaf-blades, resembling those of bamboos. This discovery increases the total number of species in Newmania to seven. We include an updated key to the genus accommodating this novelty.

After new field observations and a review of literature and herbarium specimens, three new species of Begonia sect. Platycentrum from Southwestern China are described and illustrated here: Begonia zhuhaiensis D.K.Tian and B. shunanensis D.K.Tian from Sichuan Province, and B. qianchuanensis D.K.Tian & Z.L.Chen from Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces. The new species are morphologically compared with allied species, and their conservation status is assessed according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Agapetes athangensis P.Gyeltshen, a new species from the warm broad-leaved forest of Athang Block in Wangdue District, Bhutan is described and illustrated. The new species is assigned to Agapetes D.Don ex G.Don sect. Agapetes owing to its free filaments and calyx articulated at the junction with the pedicel, and to ser. Agapetes as it has stout stems, pseudowhorled leaves, and 5-lobed, glandular-capitate stigma. The new species is similar to Agapetes auriculata (Griff.) Benth. & Hook.f. in having an angular calyx and corolla, and capitate stigma, but differs by the pubescent inflorescence, longer pedicels, and tubular corolla tube. It differs from Agapetes sikkimensis Airy Shaw by the racemose or sub-corymbose inflorescence, longer peduncle, and calcarate stamens. Due to inadequate information on population abundance and distribution, the species is currently assessed as Data Deficient (DD).

A new species, Strobilanthes sherdukpenorum D.Borah & J.R.I.Wood, is described from Arunachal Pradesh in the East Himalayas. The new species is illustrated with original photographs and its salient characteristics are indicated. It enjoys a degree of protection because of its presence in the Kameng Protected Area Complex.

Accurate botanical illustrations play a crucial role in plant identification. Hoya macrophylla Blume, one of the earliest described species of Hoya R.Br. from Southeast Asia, and among the earliest to be illustrated, presents significant identification challenges. This paper elucidates how its first illustration incorporates features characteristic of both Hoya macrophylla and H. latifolia G.Don, and this is the reason behind the difficult application of the name. Furthermore, the type specimen of Hoya macrophylla is indistinguishable from H. cinnamomifolia Hook., a taxon published later and consistently correctly applied. This study underscores the need for careful re-evaluation of historical illustrations in the context of modern taxonomic standards. A lectotype and an epitype are designated for Hoya macrophylla and H. latifolia respectively and their synonyms are clarified and where necessary typified.