Abstract:
This is a taxonomic treatment of 21 species of Gordonia (of the family Theaceae) found in the Malesian region. Among these, there are two new (G. borneensis, G. sarawakensis) and two newly combined (G. integerrima, G. vulcanica) species.  Besides, two excluded (G. brevifolia, G. lobbii) and two doubtful (G. lanceifolia, G. sarasini) ones are briefly mentioned. A complete list of scientific names and their synonyms is presented in an index.

Abstract:
The wild forms of Melia in Asia are described and assigned to one species. The relationship of that taxon to plants cultivated in Asia, Europe, America and Africa is examined and it is concluded that selected forms have been long cultivated in both India and China. Groups of cultivars have been selected from these two centres of domestication and introduced to other warm parts of the world. The widespread Persian lilac or mindi kechil seems to be of Indian stock and to have been widely introduced in America and Africa: mutant forms of it include the Texas Umbrella Tree. The Chinese cultivars are those widely grown in Japan and introduced thence to Europe as M. japonica. The whole complex is treated as one species (M. azedarach) comprising the wild populations and the two major groups of horticultural cultivars which are set out in a formal revision.  All names in Melia and its synonyms applied to Asiatic and Pacific plants are identified in an appendix, while the typification of M. azedarach is set out in another.

Abstract:
The presence and development of axillary buds are important in shoot and plant growth, especially in trees. As very little information is available on the axillary buds of tropical trees, about 100 local tree species, growing in the Botanic Gardens, Nature Reserves and along waysides, were investigated. The occurrence, morphology and size variations of the axillary buds are discussed.

Abstract:
An ornamental plant, Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) was grown in a clay loam subsoil supplemented with adequate amounts of inorganic fertilizer and then compacted by four methods, namely, light finger pressure, rubber hammer, steel bar and machine pressure. Dry matter accumulation and rooting behaviour after four months growth in pots under glasshouse conditions were studied in relation to the degree of soil compaction. Influences of compaction on such physical properties as dry bulk density, penetration resistance. total porosity, oxygen diffusion rate and moisture content were also invesitigated. Plant growth and soil penetration resistance were significantly related to the level of compaction. Amelioration by addition of a medium-size grade of sand on a 50% volume basis before applying compaction reduced the soil strength substantially and allowed the plant to grow normally.

Abstract:
The anther is tetrasporangiate. The anther wall is four-layered and the secretory tapetum is binucleate. Most of the pollen mother cells degenerate just before meiosis and a few undergo meiosis. Cytokinesis is simultaneous and tetrads are tetrahedral. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic, tenuinucellate and the micropyle is formed by the outer integument only. The embryo sac development is of the Polygonum type. The endosperm is of the Nuclear type. Cell-wall formation proceeds from the periphery towards the centre. The development of the adventive integumentary embryos is irregular and sometimes within the same embryo sac, several embryos may be found. The mature embryo is straight. The seed coat develops from the outer integument. The seed is non-endospermous and shows hypogeal germination and 10% of the germinated seeds give multiple seedlings.

Abstract:
Vertically oriented sunlit shoots on Symingtonia populnea trees in the mountains of Malaysia produce multiple branches at nodes. The multiple axillary branches originate as branches of the vascular trace to the primary lateral bud. Plasticity in the number of branches produced per leaf axil allow S. populnea considerable architectural flexibility in response to environmental heterogeneity.

Abstract:
Trichomanes proliferum Bl. is reported for Singapore for the first time. Some morphological characters are discussed.

Abstract:
The fossil record of pollen comparable to the family Pandanaceae and sometimes directly comparable with the extant genus Pandanus extends back to the latest Upper Cretaceous. The family which once had a wide geographic distribution on all continents except Australia, has, since the mid-Tertiary, become restricted to the Old World tropics and subtropics.

Abstract:
The first publication on the flora of Malaya was Sir George King's Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsular.  This appeared in 26 instalments over a period of 47 years (1889-1936).  The manner of publication was somewhat complicated. This paper explains the various complications and gives the dates of issue of the various instalments.

Abstract:
The purpose of these notes is to formalise several taxonomic changes in the Anacardiaceae which has just been revised for the Tree Flora of Malaya, The changes are as follows:-
Mangifera
M. indica L.: reduction of M. longipes to M. indica and resultant range extension of M. indica.  
M. magnifica Kochummen, sp. nov.
M. quadrifida Jack var. longipetiolata (King) Kochummen, stat. nov.
M. whitmorei Kochummen, sp. nov.
Melanochyla
M. caesia (Bl.) Ding Hou: reduction of M. kunstleri to M. caesia.
M. fasciculiflora Kochummen, sp. nov.
M. longipetiolata Kochummen, sp. nov.
Rhus
R. succedanea L.: new record.
Semecarpus
S. rufovelutinus Ridl.: new record
S. trengganuensis Kochummen, sp. nov.
Swintonia
S. floribunda Griff, var. penangensis (King) Kochummen, stat. nov.

Abstract:
During my stay at the Herbarium Bogoriense in 1972, for the study of their Nepenthes collection, I was able to examine much undetermined material from several Indonesian islands.  While going through those collected by P. J. Eyma in Sulawesi, I came across a very interesting Nepenthes. After subsequent study, I am now able to conclude that it should be described as a new species.

Abstract:
Leaf-opposed inflorescences in Aidia cochinchinensis, previously ascribed a terminal origin, is here shown to be axillary instead. Hence, the branch system in this species is not sympodial as believed, but a true monopodium along which inflorescences develop from the axils of reduced leaves at alternate nodes, exemplifying a specialised control of floral development.

Abstract:
Eight species of Pandanus subgen. Acrostigma are discussed in this supplement. Seven of them are additions:- four have recently been published, two more are proposed as new herein and one has been omitted. P. ellipsoideus was poorly known and is here given a fuller description based on a recent collection. Both new species pertain to sect. Acrostigma subsect. Dimissistyli; one (P. gladiator) is from Sulawesi, the other (P. jacobsii) is from Papua New Guinea. As is usually the case, most of these species presents are as yet not represented by staminate specimens (known only in P. merrillii). Only one, P. microglottis, presents features which suggest a possible addition to the infrageneric scheme, but in the absence of sufficient specimens no change is suggested for the present.

Abstract:
A revision of the genus Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. in the Malay Peninsula is presented.  Twelve species are here redescribed and assigned to section Tetrastigma and section Carinata sect. nov. They are ; T. pedunculare (Wall. ex Laws.) Planch., T. papillosum(Bl.)Planch., T. pyriforme Gagnep., T. scortechinii (King) Gagnep., T. dichotomum (Bl.) Planch., T. lanceolarium (Roxb.) Planch., T. hookeri (Laws.) Planch., T. curtisii(Ridl.) Suesseng., and T. godefroyanum Planch.  Six species, namely, T papillosum, T. pyriforme, T. cruciatum, T. dichotomum, T.hookeri, and T. godefroyanum, represent new additions to the flora of the Malay Peninsula, and two established species names are reduced, namely, T. kunstleri (King) Craib (to T. lanceolarium) and T. wrayi (King) Craib syn. nov. (to T. dubium). A general discussion on the growth habits and morphology of stem , inflorescence, flowers, fruits and seeds is also given.

Abstract:
Plant collecting in Singapore in 1983 has resulted in 3 new records and other species that have not been recorded here in many years. Brief notes on these plants, with information on their collection localities and general distribution, are included.

Abstract:
Lobaria clemensiae Vain., a lichen species, originally described from the Philippines, is reported from the Halmahera Island, Indonesia.

Abstract:
The effect of bulb-dip application of each of the following - chlormequat chloride (CCC), daminozide (B-Nine), etephon (Ethrel), maleic hydrazide (MH), triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), indole-acetic acid (lAA), gibberellic acid (GA3,) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) - was studied on growth, flowering and bulb formation of Hippeastrum hybridum.  CCC and B-Nine induced early sprouting of bulbs, delayed flowering, increased the size and longevity of flowers, accelerated bulb production and improved the quality of bulbs in size and weight. Longer flower spikes were obtained with B-Nine-treated bulbs. Ethrel and MH delayed sprouting, but induced early flower-bud appearance and increased longevity of flowers.  Beneficial effects on bulb formation with Ethrel was also recorded, while MH, NAA and TIBA were ineffective. I.A.A and GA3 promoted vegetative growth, induced early flowering, stimulated flower size and stalk length, yielded a greater number of flowers per stalk, extended longevity of flowers, increased bulb production, and improved the size and weight of bulbs.

Abstract:
Anisophyllea disticha does not show distichous phyllotaxis. Erect (orthotropic) shoots with 2/5 spiral phyllotaxis and radial symmetry give rise to tiers of sylleptic branches at regular intervals. The branches are horizontal (plagiotropic) and have marked dorsiventral symmetry. Their phyllotaxis is unique and consists of four ranks of alternately arranged leaves, two ranks of scale leaves on the dorsal side and two ranks of foliage leaves on the ventral side, dorsal and ventral leaves of the two ranks alternating regularly along the stem on opposite sides. Homology between the three kinds of leafy appendage is indicated by their constant unilacunar node, but dorsal (adaxial) scales on plagiotropic axes do not subtend axillary buds. The leaf arrangement is assumed to maximize photosynthesis and corresponds closely to ideal systems established by theoretical considerations.

Abstract:
Two genera of Sapindaceae, previously not recorded for the Malay Peninsula, have been confirmed to occur in local forests. They are Amesiodendron and Litchi, each represented by one species.
 

Abstract:
The affinities of four small and deceptively similar species of Diplazium (Filices: Athyriaceae) are discussed. Five names are newly reduced to synonymy and two new combinations are made.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
The genus Melicope, previously believed not to be represented in the flora of Peninsular Malaysia, has been found, in the form of a new species, occuring in montane rainforest on the upper slopes of Gunung Ulu Kali, Genting Highlands, Pahang, in Malaysia.  The only known locality, a densely wooded gully at 1550 m alt., is in the midst of a zone rapidly being cleared by bulldozing and two of the only five trees found have been felled. The new species, M. suberosa Stone, is apparently related to Bornean species of Melicope, particularly an as yet undescribed unifoliate species known from Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah.  The addition of Melicope to the Malayan flora brings the number of Rutaceae genera known to occur in Peninsular Malaysia up to seventeen.

Abstract:
Five species of Boerlagiodendron (Araliaceae), including four from the Solomon Islands and one from the New Hebrides, are transferred, according to nomenclatural necessity, to Osmoxylon.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
In Malesia and Taiwan there are three taxa of Trisetum Pers. (Gramineae): T. bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi in Taiwan and New Guinea, T. spicatum (Linne) Richt. ssp. kinabaluense Chrtek in Sabah and the ssp. formosanum (Honda) Veldk., comb. nov., in Taiwan. Trisetum flavescens (Linne) Beauv. must be the conserved type of the generic name.  Some subspecific epithets proposed by Hulten (1959) under T. spicatum are validated.

Abstract:
Heteropholis C. E. Hubb. (Gramineae, Rottboelliinae) has 4 allopatric species in Central Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and from India to central Malesia. For Taiwan H. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton var. chenii (Hsu) Sosef & Koning is here distinguished. The related genus Thaumastochloa C. E. Hubb. has 7 species mainly in Australia of which 3 are newly described here: T. monilifera Sosef & Coning, T. rubra Sosef & Koning, T. striata Sosef & Koning. T. major S. T. Blake also occurs in the Aru Islands off the south-west of New Guinea, and T. rariflora (F. M. Bailey) C. E. Hubb. in Papua New Guinea. A suspected hybrid between T. major and T. pubescens (Benth.) C. E. Hubb. is reported. A cladistic study indicates that the two genera may be paraphyletic.

Abstract:
The genus Selaginella is represented in the Malay Peninsula by 28 species, including 3 varieties. Three species are here reinstated, 2 from varietal rank (Selaginella scabrida Ridl., S. curtisii Ridl. ) and 1 from synonymy (S. polita Ridl.). Two varieties are validated, viz., S. intermedia var. dolichocentrus Wong and S. roxburghii var. strigosa (Ridl.) Wong. A key to the species and varieties is provided, and a description of each species is given. Habit, branching, leaf and sporophyll characteristics of the sporophyte plant are reviewed. Habitat preferences and various probable ecological adaptations towards efficient use of light and optimal reproduction are discussed.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
Botanical collecting trips in Singapore from 1976 to end 1982 resulted in 5 new records and 15 other taxa which are rare and have not been collected here in recent years. Brief notes on these species, including their collecting localities and overall distribution, are included.

Abstract:
The leaves and male flower of Pandanus pendulinus, an obscure species known so far only from one collection (the type), have been studied from both gross and micromorphological viewpoints using both light and scanning electron microscopy.  The species, which was originally placed in section Acrostigma, is reassigned on the basis of the characters observed, to subgenus Lophostigma, but it still remains uncertain in its closer relationships and cannot yet be assigned to a particular section within this subgenus.

Abstract:
Four genera of Tribe Oxysporeae, Fam. Melastomataceae, have been revised; Oxyspora DC. Anerincleisius Korth., Poikilogyne Baker f., and Allomorphia Bl.  The concept of Oxyspora DC. has been extended so as to include Allomorphia, which thus becomes a synonym.  This paper consists of three taxonomic sections: Oxyspora, as amended; Anerincleistus; and Poikilogyne.  An index to the previously described species of Allomorphia. with their revised names, is also provided. T'here are 5 newspecies described in Anerincleistus, and 7 in Poiklogyne; 1 new variety in Anerincleistus, 3 in Oxyspora and 1 in Poiklogyne; 2 new names in Oxyspora; 10 new combinations in Anerincleistus. 15 in Oxyspora; and three names raised to a new status in Anerincleistus, 5 in Oxyspora, and 1 in Poiklogyne.  Three species originally in Allomorphia are transferred to Phyllagathis.

Abstract:
From 1949 until 1957 Kiah continued to work in the herbarium and during his later years of service worked closely with Mr. James Sinclair and with Dr. Chew Wee Lek.  After his retirement, Encik Kiah remained mostly at home tending his garden and enjoying his pension.  Further details concerning Kiah's collecting trips can be found in Fl. Males. I, vol.1 (1950) 280 and I, vol. 8 (1974) LV.

Book Review

Book Review

Obituary

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
The new rutaceous genus Maclurodendron consists of six species and ranges from Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula east to the Philippines and north to Vietnam and Hainan Island. The genus is described and its distinguishing features and apparent relationships are discussed. The six species keyed, described, and their apparent relationships are outlined.  New combinations are made for the names of three species,   Maclurodendron porteri, M. obovatum, and M. oligophlebium, all of which were previously described in the rutaceous genus Acronychia, and three species, M. pubescens, M. parviflorum, and M. magnificum, are described as new.

Abstract:
The genus Gardenia (Rubiaceae) is represented in Peninsular Malaysia by seven species of which two are shrubs and five are trees. Within the most variable species, G. tubifera Wall., two varieties are recognised, i.e. var. tubifera and var. subcarinata Corner; the former variety is shown to exist as two forms, forma tubifera and forma elata (Ridl.) Wong. Two species, G. coronaria Buch.-Ham. and G. pterocalyx Val., have not been previously recorded in accounts of the genus in Peninsular Malaysia. A key to all seven species is provided. Three taxa formerly included under Gardenia are transferred to Acranthera, providing the first record of the latter genus in Peninsular Malaysia; the new combinations are Acranthera pulchella (Ridl.) Wong and A. didymocarpa (Ridl.) Wong.

Abstract:
The deficiency symptoms of N, P, K, Mg and Fe were successfully induced in Axonopus compressus cultured in sand.  Visual deficiency symptons are presented and described in detail.  Dry matter of above- and below-ground parts was determined.  Data of elemental analysis of above-ground parts of normal and deficient plants are tabulated for comparison.

Abstract:
An annotated list of 43 species of Memecylon is presented. It is based on recent revisions from Malaya and Borneo by J. F. Maxwell and K. Bremer, respectively. All Memecylon taxa (except M. oligoneurum with its synonyms, which has been transferred to the genus Lijndenia) described or reported from the four areas are referable to the 43 species listed.

Abstract:
Autoserica rufocuprea, a species of Melolonthinae and a night flying beetle, has been found to attack many ornamental plants and shade trees in Singapore.  Thirty two species of its food plants were revealed by field observations at night.  A survey showed that in a park developed on clayey reclaimed, about 8% of the total plant population was damaged.  The level of infestation of the beetle in different parts of the park and the susceptibility of its host plants are discussed. The damage patterns made on plants, and preliminary observations on the life cycle and seasonal flights of the beetle are briefly described.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
As the generic name Hydrostemma antedates Barclaya, as discussed recently by Mabberley, the species of this genus must now be known as Hydrostemma longifolium (Wall.) Mabb. and H. motleyi (Hook, f.) Mabb.  A probable third species, recognized by Ridley, based on Barclaya motleyi var. kunstleri King, requires a name under Hydrostemma, here provided as Hydrostemma kunstleri (King) Stone, comb. nov.

Abstract:
Experimental propagation of Saintpaulia by means of leaf and petiole culture was conducted at the Singapore Botanic Gardens. All in, 17 varieties were used. Leaf culture of 15 varieties and petiole culture of 3 were successful.  Shots were found to initiate readily in a large variety of media but satisfactory rooting  occurred only in media with a low level of growth regulators such as lAA. After the plantlets were transferred into soil, it was found necessary to keep them in an enclosed environment for about two months in order to ensure a high survival rate.

Abstract:
No abstract

Obituary