Year of Publication: 2019, Vol. 71 (Supplement 2)
Dr Alistair Hay Dr Mark Large
(Supplement Editor) (Supplement Editor)
Dr David J. Middleton Lily Chen Felicia Tay
(Editor-in-Chief) (Managing Editor) (Graphics Editor)
Ada Davis Daniel C. Thomas Christina Soh
(Copy Editor) (Copy Editor) (Business Manager)
Introduction [Page 3 - Page 5]
David Mabberley and Australian botany [Page 7 - Page 24]
Mabberley’s scholarship [Page 25 - Page 41]
Recollections of the ‘MabLab’, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, 1977–1996 [Page 43 - Page 46]
E.J.H. Corner — Mabberley’s mentor — and his contributions to the Singapore Botanic Gardens’ heritage [Page 47 - Page 52]
G.C. Oeder’s conflict with Linnaeus and the implementation of taxonomic and nomenclatural ideas in the monumental Flora Danica project (1761–1883) [Page 53 - Page 56]
Georg Rumphius’ Herbarium Amboinense (1741–1750) as a source of information on Indonesian plants for Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) [Page 87 - Page 107]
Flora Graeca on the European continent [Page 109 - Page 122]
Ferdinand Bauer or Johann and Joseph Knapp? A rectification [Page 123 - Page 142]
The endemic that never was — resolving the status of Coprosma solandri (Rubiaceae) [Page 143 - Page 153]
Three new threatened Keetia species (Rubiaceae—Vanguerieae), from the forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania [Page 155 - Page 168]
Should a flora account be taken for granted? A fresh look at Polyscias serratifolia (Araliaceae) [Page 171 - Page 188]
Aglaia mabberleyi Pannell (Meliaceae), a new species from Borneo [Page 189 - Page 195]
Additions and changes to Ficus (Moraceae) in New Guinea with comments on the world’s largest fig [Page 197 - Page 216]
Begonia mabberleyana (Begoniaceae), a new species from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia [Page 217 - Page 223]
Cinnamomum mabberleyi, a new species from Vietnam and Laos [Page 225 - Page 229]
Biomechanical and hydraulic challenges for a tropical swamp forest and driftwood tree – Alstonia spatulata Blume (Apocynaceae) [Page 231 - Page 244]
Plant parts: processes, structures, or functions? [Page 245 - Page 256]
Durianology, discovery, and saltation — the evolution of aroids [Page 257 - Page 313]
Rapid Botanic Survey, Bioquality and improving botanical inventory in the tropics by integrating across spatial scales [Page 315 - Page 333]
Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae [Page 335 - Page 461]
Species richness, lineages, geography, and the forest matrix: Borneo’s ‘Middle Sarawak’ phenomenon [Page 463 - Page 496]
Borneo and its disproportionately large rheophytic aroid flora [Page 497 - Page 524]
Corner’s Riau Pocket and other hytogeographical provinces in Peninsular Malaysia [Page 525 - Page 538]
Year of Publication: 2019, Vol. 71 (1)
Flora of Singapore precursors, 6: Typification of grass names relevant to the flora of Singapore [Page 1 - Page 45]
The typification of more than 200 names of grass taxa relevant to the flora of Singapore is reviewed. A total of 52 lectotype designations are made here, including 22 which are posthumously published by the late J.F. Veldkamp. In addition, 13 second-step lectotypes (one by JFV), and two neotypes are designated. An earlier place of publication than generally cited for the combination Zizania latifolia is highlighted.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 12. Notes on various Rubiaceae genera [Page 45 - Page 59]
Flora of Singapore precursors, 13. New names and lectotypifications in Athyriaceae and Polypodiaceae [Page 61 - Page 67]
A review of names and types in Diplazium (Athyriaceae) and Polypodiaceae relevant to the Flora of Singapore has been undertaken. A new name and 11 lectotype designations (including one second step lectotypification), are given.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 14. Notes on Apocynaceae [Page 69 - Page 80]
Lectotypes are designated for 28 names of Apocynaceae, seven of which are second-step lectotypifications. Two names are neotypified, Leptostemma hirsutum Blume is designated as the type of the genus Leptostemma Blume, and a new combination in Secamone R.Br. is coined for Genianthus maingayi Hook.f.
The genus Colura (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta), new to Singapore [Page 81 - Page 85]
Colura brevistyla Herzog is reported here as a new genus and species record for Singapore. A complete description and illustrations of C. brevistyla are provided based on the newly identified specimen from Singapore.
The correct name for Atuna excelsa (Chrysobalanaceae) [Page 87 - Page 88]
Abstract:
A correction is made for the use of the name Atuna excelsa (Jack) Kosterm. which has been erroneously placed as a subspecies of A. racemosa Raf. despite being described sixteen years earlier. Atuna excelsa is restored as the correct name for this species and A. racemosa is reduced to subspecific rank. Since the holotype of Atuna racemosa is an old illustration, an epitype is proposed for this name.
A revision of Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lauraceae) for Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore [Page 89 - Page 139]
Abstract:
A revision of all species of the genus Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Lauraceae) occurring in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore is presented with a summary of taxonomic history, notable features ofmorphology, a key to species, and a description, distribution map, Provisional IUCN Conservation Assessment for each species, together with notes on ecology and ethnobotany. In this revision, twenty-two distinct species are recognised, including one former variety that is elevated to species level as Cinnamomum selangorense (Ridl.) de Kok. Eleven names are lectotypified (Camphora inuncta Nees; Cinnamomum cinereum Gamble, C. graciliflorum Gamble, C. malaccense Meisn., C. ridleyi Gamble, C. rhynchophyllum Miq., C. sintoc Blume, C. subcuneatum Miq., C. velutinum Ridl., and C. vimineum Wall. ex Nees; Laurus malabathrum Wall. ex Nees), and five names are placed into synonymy for the first time. A small number of species are considered to have a Provisional IUCN Conservation Assessment of Least Concern, while most are either Endangered or Critically Endangered, with one species considered to be Data Deficient (Cinnamomum trintaense Kosterm.).
Three new taxa, two new combinations and thirty-one lectotypifications in several Lauraceae genera from Peninsular Malaysia
[Page 141 - Page 161]
A new combination in Gynochthodes (Rubiaceae) [Page 163 - Page 165]
New and noteworthy orchid records from Buru Island, Maluku Archipelago [Page 167 - Page 174]
A short note on the orchids of Buru Island, Maluku Archipelago, is presented. Bulbophyllum cruciatum J.J.Sm. and Dendrobium bicaudatum Reinw. ex Lindl. are new records for Buru. Trichotosia buruensis (J.J.Sm.) S.Thomas et al. has been rediscovered after a lapse of 84 years. The distribution of a species with a previously uncertain distribution in Maluku, Dilochia wallichii Lindl., is now confirmed for Buru. We also discovered a population of the endemic Vanda saxatilis J.J.Sm. All species are briefly discussed and illustrated by photographs.
Petrocosmea weiyigangii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from a limestone cave in southern China [Page 175 - Page 183]
A new species, Petrocosmea weiyigangii F.Wen (Gesneriaceae), is described from southern China. It differs from all other species of Petrocosmea in its deeply lobed leaf blades. It is only known from a limestone cave in northwestern Guangxi, China. Following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, Petrocosmea weiyigangii is assessed as Critically Endangered.
A taxonomic revision of Macrolenes (Melastomataceae) [Page 185 - Page 241]
Macrolenes (Melastomataceae: Dissochaeteae), a genus of woody climbers in Malesia, is taxonomically revised. Seventeen species are recognised, of which three are new to science. The genus is characterised by its scrambling habit, a pair of hair cushion domatia on the base of the leaves, axillary inflorescences, and fimbriate connective appendages on the alternipetalous stamens. An identification key, nomenclature, descriptions, typification, geographic distributions and taxonomic notes are provided. The affinities with Dissochaeta, also woody climbers, are discussed.
Flowering phenology and seed production of three threatened tropical palms, Johannesteijsmannia spp. (Arecaceae)
[Page 243 - Page 260]
The reproductive behaviour and fruit production of three endangered species of Johannesteijsmannia H.E.Moore were studied for two years. Flowering occurred annually in Johannesteijsmannia magnifica J.Dransf. and sub-annually in J. lanceolata J.Dransf. and J. perakensis J.Dransf. The flowering of all species peaked from March to May and occurred during the wet seasons. High seed loss of 84–98% was recorded among the species. On average, Johannesteijsmannia perakensis produced the highest number of mature fruits per year (229) and J. lanceolata the lowest (69). This preliminary study provides vital information on species fecundity and demonstrates that each species, although within the same genus, has different flowering and fruiting behaviour.
Year of Publication 2019, Vol. 71 (Supplement 1)
Dr Lena Chan Dr Geoffrey Davison
(Supplement Editor) (Supplement Editor)
Dr David J. Middleton Lily Chen
(Editor-in-Chief) (Managing Editor)
Felicia Tay Ada Davis Christina Soh
(Graphics Editor) (Copy Editor) (Business Manager)
Introduction to the Comprehensive Biodiversity Survey of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, 2014–2018 [Page 3 - Page 17]
Abstract:
We introduce the Comprehensive Biodiversity Survey of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, for which planning began in 2014, field work was conducted largely in 2015–2016, and results analysed and written up in 2017–2018. The comprehensive survey is placed in the context of previous surveys in 1991–1992 and in 1992–1997. Bukit Timah is historically important and continues to be nationally and internationally significant for nature conservation.
Historical review of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 19 - Page 40]
Abstract:
Biological interest in Bukit Timah, Singapore, long pre-dated its declaration as a forest reserve (1887) and nature reserve (1951). The administrative and land use changes affecting this fragment of coastal hill dipterocarp forest are described. Boundary changes have determined the areas now supporting primary, old secondary or maturing secondary forest, and account for many of the features described in an accompanying set of papers on the current biodiversity of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR). Research interest in the nature reserve continues to be high, with roughly 25 new research projects initiated each year.
The plant diversity in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 41 - Page 134]
The plant diversity of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) is relatively well studied due to concerted effort over several decades, particularly as part of the worldwide system of ecological plots set up by the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS), now called the Forest Global Earth Observatory. Publications arising from previous works have set baseline data for the species diversity, suggested that the forest resilience was greater than would be expected in such a small forest fragment, but that there was low recruitment of primary forest tree species into the secondary forest. In order to assess the overall vascular plant diversity, and to compare the diversity of the various forest types within BTNR to each other, 52 plots were set up, each 20 × 5 m, along nine different transects that covered the full range of topography and forest types, primary, old secondary and maturing secondary forests, within the reserve. The vascular plant diversity within each plot was recorded. In total, 1250 species in 148 families were recorded, including an additional 167 species newly listed for BTNR. The primary forest had the highest number of species not found in the other forest types. It nevertheless had a very large overlap with species in the old secondary forest but not with the maturing secondary forest.
Macro-fungal diversity of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 135 - Page 144]
The Bukit Timah Nature Reserve is an extremely important type locality for many species of macrofungi, especially for those collected by Edred John Henry Corner between 1929 and 1945 and later described by him. There has been little work done on the fungi of Singapore in recent years and much remains to be done. Current efforts to curate the fungal collection at Singapore Botanic Gardens are discussed, a new collecting programme is highlighted, and the very long way to go before we have a decent understanding of macrofungal diversity of Bukit Timah and the rest of Singapore is emphasised.
Updated Inventory of Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 145 - Page 183]
A two-year survey at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, found a high diversity of amphibian, reptile and mammal species. A total of 81 indigenous species was recorded – 18 amphibians, 40 reptiles and 23 mammals. The updated inventory comprises 115 species – 21 amphibians, 60 reptiles and 34 mammals ever historically recorded within the reserve.
Birds of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 185 - Page 208]
A survey of birds in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR), Singapore, in 2015– 2016 yielded a cumulative total of 1663 individual sightings, amounting to 68 species. The total ever recorded for BTNR is now 146 bird species. The 68 species recorded in the present survey included four globally threatened, six globally near-threatened species, 14 nationally threatened and six nationally near-threatened species. Few of the species are entirely and strictly forest dependent, though many make use of both primary and disturbed forest environments.
Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 209 - Page 243]
This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.
Bees of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and vicinity [Page 245 - Page 271]
As a unique coastal hill dipterocarp forest remnant in Singapore, Bukit Timah Nature Reserve is a key refuge for flowering plants, but little information has been available about its bee pollinators and their floral associations. Historical and recent surveys of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) at Bukit Timah and vicinity were compiled, yielding a total known fauna of four families, 23 genera, and 75 species (including unnamed morphospecies). Of these, 55 bee species, several known only from historical collections, have been recorded from the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) itself, which is dominated by mature, shady forest with few apparent flowers along the trails. More bee species (61) have been recorded from nearby Dairy Farm Nature Park (DF), which has more open, sunnier secondary forest with more conspicuous floral resources. Sampling methods included net collecting and honey baiting along transects, malaise trapping within the forest, and observations at flowers. Accounts are provided for species of particular taxonomic or conservation interest, and two new provisional synonymies are indicated. Floral associations are summarised for 32 floral hosts from BTNR (only 10 plant species) and from DF (28 plant species, including 5 shared with BTNR). For all species known from BTNR and vicinity, earliest and most recent dates of capture for both this area and for Singapore as a whole are provided. Four eusocial stingless bee species formerly collected in Singapore but not recently recorded are considered to be nationally extinct. An additional few poorly known solitary bee species may also be nationally extinct. By contrast, solitary bee species new to Singapore continue to be discovered at BTNR, notably Megachile resin and leafcutter bees attracted to reintroduced Tiger Orchids in 2014 during a mass bloom. Despite high species richness of native angiosperms persisting at BTNR, especially in its core, few bee species and individuals were found in recent bee surveys, likely reflecting limited availability of floral resources in the shady forest understorey. However, additional bee species are likely to be found in BTNR if further sampling is done during infrequent mass bloom events and traps are deployed at canopy level.
Butterflies of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, and its vicinity [Page 273 - Page 292]
Diversity and Distribution of Dragonflies in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 293 - Page 316]
Moths of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 317 - Page 330]
Orthoptera species checklist of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve in the Zoological Reference Collection, Singapore [Page 331 - Page 338]
Estimating saproxylic beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae and Buprestidae) diversity in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, with a methodological and biological review [Page 339 - Page 368]
The springtail catchers of the genus Neurigona (Insecta, Diptera, Dolichopodidae) in the primary forest of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 369 - Page 379]
A Survey of Stick-Insects in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 381 - Page 389]
The other 99%: exploring the arthropod species diversity of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 391 - Page 417]
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve: a forest in transition [Page 419 - Page 440]
Hydrogeomorphic characteristics of streams in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 441 - Page 490]
Physicochemical characteristics of streams in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 491 - Page 556]
The fish fauna of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 557 - Page 573]
The freshwater decapod crustaceans of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 575 - Page 581]
Abstract:
Freshwater decapod crustaceans serve important ecological functions in tropical stream ecosystems. Stream surveys for decapod crustacean fauna were conducted between February 2015 and April 2016 at nine sites in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR). A total of eight species (four freshwater crab, three freshwater shrimp and one crayfish species) out of the nine species known from BTNR were recorded. In general, the species were recorded from sites matching environmental conditions previously known or reported for each species, with some crab species showing minor overlap in their spatial distributions. This highlights the importance of broad-based conservation efforts focusing on the entire stream network in BTNR rather than on specific/selected streams as the various species each appear to have largely unique habitat requirements. The updated information on freshwater decapod crustaceans in BTNR can be used to inform the formulation of conservation and management measures including the establishment of monitoring programs for the protection of our native and threatened aquatic fauna in BTNR.
Synthesis of results from the Comprehensive Biodiversity Survey of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore, with recommendations for management [Page 583 - Page 610]
Abstract:
Twenty-two papers arising from the Comprehensive Biodiversity Survey of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR), Singapore (2014–2018) have provided a thorough update and expansion of information on many groups of flora and fauna. In spite of the small size and isolation of BTNR there is still remarkable diversity, and new records and new species continue to accumulate. A large body of information on the terrestrial and aquatic physical environment is now available, providing a context for many of the biological results. Various management recommendations emerge.
Year of Publication: 2018, Vol. 70 (2)
Shorea sumatrana (Dipterocarpaceae), a remarkable new addition to the flora of Singapore [Page 261 - Page 266]
Flora of Singapore precursors, 1. Gynochthodes praetermissa (Rubiaceae: Morindeae), a new West Malesian species, with notes on related taxa [Page 267 - Page 273]
Flora of Singapore precursors, 3. A new species of Canthium (Rubiaceae: Vanguerieae) previously confused with C. horridum [Page 275 - Page 282]
Flora of Singapore precursors, 5. Some resolution of a long-standing problem in Psychotria (Rubiaceae) of Singapore [Page 283 - Page 288]
Owing to a mix-up by Wallich, there has been confusion over the application of three names in Psychotria based on collections made by William Jack, purportedly in Penang in 1819. As pointed out by Merrill, Psychotria malayana Jack is the same species as P. stipulacea Wall. and not P. aurantiaca Wall. The plants from Java that were referred by Blume to Psychotria aurantiaca were renamed P. valetonii by Hochreutiner. However, there is an earlier name available, Psychotria megacoma Miq. While specimens from Singapore that were referred to as Psychotria sp. 9 by Wong show some differences from much of the material from Java, the wide variation in material from Borneo leads to the decision to treat P. megacoma Miq. as the correct name for plants from Singapore, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. A secondstep lectotypification is made for Psychotria malayana Jack and lectotypes are designated for P. stipulacea Wall., P. megacoma Miq., Grumilea aurantiaca var. lutescens Miq. and G. aurantiaca var. subplumbea Miq.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 7. A newly diagnosed species of Neonauclea (Rubiaceae: Naucleeae) now extinct in Singapore and notes on Neonauclea excelsa and N. calycina. [Page 289 - Page 294]
Neonauclea kranjiensis K.M.Wong & W.W.Seah, a newly diagnosed species from Singapore, is described. It most resembles Neonauclea excelsa (Blume) Merr. from which it differs in its smaller, narrowly elliptic leaves as well as smaller mature flowering heads. The taxa known as Neonauclea excelsa and N. calycina (DC.) Merr. in Java, Peninsular Malaysia and parts of Borneo are just one species to which the name Neonauclea excelsa must be applied. Neonauclea calycina continues to be recognised as a species in the Philippines pending further study.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 9: The identities of two unplaced taxa based on types from Singapore [Page 295 - Page 299]
Abstract:
Work on the Gentianales for the Flora of Singapore has clarified the identities of two names based on types collected in Singapore that have long been considered of uncertain application. Dischidia wallichii Wight is shown to be a synonym of Micrechites serpyllifolius (Blume) Kosterm. (Apocynaceae) and Saprosma ridleyi King & Gamble is a synonym of Psychotria maingayi Hook.f. (Rubiaceae). A lectotype is designated for Dischidia wallichii.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 10. Validation of Mangifera paludosa (Anacardiaceae) and notes on its distribution, ecology and conservation status in Singapore [Page 301 - Page 305]
Abstract:
The name Mangifera paludosa Kosterm. ex S.K.Ganesan is validated and described. Notes on distribution, ecology and conservation status are given.
The plant taxa of H.N. Ridley, 5. The Gentianales [Page 307 - Page 395]
Pittosporum ridleyi (Pittosporaceae), a new name for the ‘rusty-leaved’ pittosporum in Malaysia [Page 397 - Page 404]
Typification of Bauhinia touranensis (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) [Page 405 - Page 407]
A second-step lectotype and an epitype are designated here for Bauhinia touranensis Gagnep., now Cheniella touranensis (Gagnep.) R.Clark & Mackinder.
Annonaceae of the Asia-Pacific region: names, types and distributions [Page 409 - Page 744]
A list of the Annonaceae taxa indigenous to the Asia-Pacific Region (including Australia) is presented, including full synonymy and typification with an outline of the geographic distribution. Some 1100 species in 40 genera are listed. A number of nomenclatural changes are made. The species of Artabotrys from Java previously referred to as Artabotrys blumei Hook.f. & Thomson is described here as Artabotrys javanicus I.M.Turner, because A. blumei is shown to be the correct name for the Chinese species generally known as A. hongkongensis Hance. The type of Uvaria javana Dunal is a specimen of U. dulcis Dunal. The new combination Uvaria blumei (Boerl.) I.M.Turner based on U. javana var. blumei Boerl. is therefore proposed as the correct name for the species known for many years as U. javana. Other new combinations proposed are Fissistigma parvifolium (Craib) I.M.Turner, Friesodielsia borneensis var. sumatrana (Miq.) I.M.Turner, Sphaerocoryne touranensis (Bân) I.M.Turner and Uvaria kontumensis (Bân) I.M.Turner. The replacement name Sphaerocoryne astiae I.M.Turner is provided for Popowia gracilis Jovet-Ast. Melodorum fruticosum Lour. is reduced to a synonym of Uvaria siamensis (Scheff.) L.L.Zhou et al. Many new lectotypes and neotypes are designated.
Year of Publication: 2018, Vol. 70 (1)
Artabotrys scortechinii (Annonaceae): an augmented species description and a new record for Singapore [Page 3 - Page 8]
Abstract:
Artabotrys scortechinii King was recently discovered as a new record for the native flora of Singapore. This poorly known species has been confused with Artabotrys maingayi Hook.f. & Thomson and its fruits and seeds have not been previously described. This paper presents an augmented description, including its fruit morphology and diagnostic floral characters, which distinguish it from its congeners. A key to the native Artabotrys R.Br. species in Singapore is provided.
Notes on the genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae) in Singapore [Page 9 - Page 12]
Records for the presence of three hitherto overlooked species of Uncaria Schreb., U. borneensis Havil., U. canescens Korth. and U. elliptica R.Br. ex G.Don, in Singapore are presented. Recent collections of three other species, Uncaria acida (W.Hunter) Roxb., U. callophylla Blume ex Korth. and U. roxburghiana Korth., provide evidence of the continued existence of these species in Singapore that were thought to be extinct locally.
Micrechites lancifolia (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae), a new record for Singapore [Page 13 - Page 17]
Micrechites lancifolia (Hook.f.) D.J.Middleton & Livsh. is newly recorded for Singapore. A description and provisional conservation assessment are provided.
Shorea johorensis (Dipterocarpaceae), an addition to the flora of Singapore [Page 19 - Page 23]
A new distributional record to Singapore of Shorea johorensis Foxw. (Dipterocarpaceae) is described and illustrated. This species is known from remnant lowland dipterocarp forest in the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore. Notes on distribution, ecology and conservation status are given. This species is assessed as critically endangered for Singapore.
Melochia umbellata (Malvaceae subfam. Byttnerioideae), a new record for Singapore [Page 25 - Page 31]
A new distributional record to Singapore of Melochia umbellata (Houtt.) Stapf is described and illustrated. This name is lectotypified. Notes on distribution, ecology and
conservation status are given. This species is assessed as critically endangered for Singapore. A key is given for the two Melochia L. species occurring in Singapore.
New records and rediscoveries of vascular plants in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore [Page 33 - Page 55]
Several new records of plant species previously unknown in Singapore are reported, along with records of species presumed to be nationally extinct which have been rediscovered. These reports are based on specimens collected during our recent surveys of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and previously unreported older specimens, all deposited in SING. Three species are reported as new records for Singapore: Scindapsus lucens Bogner & P.C.Boyce, Passiflora quadriglandulosa Rodschied and Tectaria nayarii Mazumdar. Scindapsus lucens is likely to be native and previously overlooked, whereas Passiflora quadriglandulosa and Tectaria nayarii are exotic species which have escaped from cultivation and become naturalised. Another 10 species are rediscoveries of taxa previously considered to be nationally extinct: Aglaia palembanica Miq., Bolbitis sinuata (C.Presl) Hennipman, Calamus ornatus Blume, Claoxylon longifolium (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk., Dapania racemosa Korth., Dioscorea kingii R.Knuth, Ficus rosulata C.C.Berg, Lasianthus reticulatus Blume, Ryparosa hullettii King and Senegalia kekapur (I.C.Nielsen) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger.
An annotated list of new records for Singapore: results from large-scale tree surveys at the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve [Page 57 - Page 65]
New records and rediscoveries of plants in Singapore [Page 67 - Page 90]
Abstract:
The city-state of Singapore continues to provide many new records and rediscoveries of plant species in its nature reserves, offshore islands and secondary forests. Eleven new records for Singapore and eight rediscoveries of species previously presumed nationally extinct are reported here along with national conservation assessments. The new records are Albertisia crassa Forman, Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr., Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) Thwaites, Dendrokingstonia nervosa (Hook.f. & Thomson) Rauschert, Dipterocarpus chartaceus Symington, Haplopteris sessilifrons (Miyam. & H.Ohba) S.Linds., Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh, Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir., Spermacoce parviceps (Ridl.) I.M.Turner, Sphaeropteris trichodesma (Scort.) R.M.Tryon and Uvaria micrantha (A.DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson. The rediscoveries are Callerya dasyphylla (Miq.) Schot, Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC., Lecananthus erubescens Jack, Loeseneriella macrantha (Korth.) A.C.Sm., Mapania squamata (Kurz) C.B.Clarke, Plagiostachys lateralis (Ridl.) Ridl., Scolopia macrophylla (Wight & Arn.) Clos and Spatholobus maingayi Prain ex King.
Additions to the Flora of Singapore, new and overlooked records of naturalised plant species (1) [Page 91 - Page 101]
Nine species of plants that are casual or have become naturalised are newly recorded for Singapore. Six of these are weeds assumed to have only recently arrived in Singapore: Cuscuta campestris Yunck., Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D.Don, Decalobanthus peltatus (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples, Erigeron bellioides DC., Justicia comata (L.) Lam., Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small. The remaining three have been in Singapore for some time but have been previously overlooked: Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.Baker, Praxelis clematidea R.M.King & H.Rob and Spigelia anthelmia L.
Exacum tenue (Gentianaceae), a new record from karst limestone in Peninsular Malaysia [Page 103 - Page 108]
The mycoheterotropic species, Exacum tenue (Blume) Klack. (Gentianaceae), was recently discovered on a limestone hill in Kelantan, Malaysia. A detailed description of the species together with a botanical drawing and colour photographs are provided.
One new species and two new records of Jasminum (Oleaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia [Page 109 - Page 118]
Jasminum ledangense Kiew is a new species restricted to Gunung Ledang, Johor and Jasminum carissoides Kerr and J. nervosum Lour. are new records for Malaysia. Jasminum carissoides is restricted to limestone in Kedah (Langkawi) and Perlis and also occurs in Peninsular Thailand, while a narrow-leaved form of J. nervosum is found on limestone in Kedah (Langkawi). Jasminum insularum Kerr is confirmed as a distinct species. It is extremely rare and known from just three specimens, the type from Peninsular Thailand, one from Kelantan and another from Pahang in Malaysia. Descriptions are provided for these species.
Adiantum alleniae, a new species, and Adiantum siamense, a new record, for Peninsular Malaysia [Page 119 - Page 122]
A new fern species, Adiantum alleniae S.Linds., is described from Peninsular Malaysia and Adiantum siamense Tagawa & K.Iwats. is reported from Peninsular Malaysia for the first time.
Novitates Bruneienses, 10. Filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) of Kuala Belalong, Brunei Darussalam [Page 123 - Page 154]
The filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) of Kuala Belalong in Brunei Darussalam are enumerated along with morphological descriptions and short notes on ecology and distribution. Determination keys to each group are included. In total, 22 species belonging to 6 genera (Hymenophyllum Sm., Crepidomanes C.Presl, Didymoglossum Desv., Abrodictyum C.Presl, Cephalomanes C.Presl and Callistopteris Copel.) were identified in the field and in herbaria, the majority of them being epiphytic. Two of the species, namely Crepidomanes grande (Copel.) Ebihara & K.Iwats. and Didymoglossum motleyi (Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats., have not previously been recorded from Brunei Darussalam.
Taxonomic status of Begonia promethea (sect. Petermannia, Begoniaceae) in Borneo [Page 155 - Page 161]
The rediscovery of Begonia promethea Ridl. for the first time since its description in 1906 led to the discovery that the later described B. beccarii Warb. is synonymous with it and that it belongs in Begonia sect. Petermannia. It is a rare, endangered species known only from three localities, two locations from the Kuching Division, Sarawak, Malaysia and another one from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. A detailed, illustrated description and a distribution map of Begonia promethea are provided. We suggest an IUCN conservation category of EN B2ab(iii). Lectotypes for both names are designated.
Begonia of the Matarombeo karst, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, including two new species [Page 163 - Page 176]
Based on collections from the Matarombeo limestone mountain range in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, the two new species Begonia balgooyi D.C.Thomas & Ardi and B. matarombeoensis D.C.Thomas & Ardi are described and illustrated, and an amended description and a photo plate of B. watuwilensis Girm. are provided. These species are restricted to limestone habitats and endemic to Southeast Sulawesi. Provisional conservation assessments indicate an Endangered (EN) status for all three species.
A new Haplopteris species from the Philippines and clarification of the status of H. amboinensis [Page 177 - Page 190]
A new fern species from the Philippines, Haplopteris mindanaoensis S.Linds. & C.W.Chen, is described and illustrated based on the results of detailed morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Morphologically, Haplopteris mindanaoensisis characterised by having obovoid (rather than funnel-shaped) soral paraphyses and deep soral grooves with asymmetrical flaps. Analysis of a combined four gene (chlL, matK, ndhF, and trnL-F) plastid data set shows that: (1) the two included samples of Haplopteris mindanaoensis have the same distinct haplotype; (2) Haplopteris mindanaoensis diverges early within the clade where most species with marginal soral grooves are placed; and (3) Haplopteris heterophylla C.W.Chen, Y.H.Chang & Yea C.Liu, the only other Haplopteris C.Presl species known to have obovoid paraphyses, is not closely related to H. mindanaoensis. The status of Haplopteris amboinensis (Fée) X.C.Zhang in China and Indochina is also clarified and a new combination, H. ensata (Christ) C.W.Chen & S.Linds. is made.
The species of Marasmiellus (Agaricales: Omphalotaceae) from Java and Bali [Page 191 - Page 258]
A total of 35 species of Marasmiellus Murrill belonging to five sections (Dealbati, Rameales, Marasmiellus, Stenophylloides, and Candidi) are described from Java and Bali. Sixteen taxa are described as new species: Marasmiellus bisporus Retn., M. cibodasensis Retn., M. cikanikiensis Retn., M. clavatus Retn., M. desjardinii Retn., M. diverticulatus Retn., M. haurbentesis Retn., M. javanicus Retn., M. longisiccus Retn., M. pipericola Retn., M. pruinosus Retn., M. reniformis Retn., M. rifaii Retn., M. subglobosus Retn., M. tamblinganensis Retn. and M. zingibericola Retn. Two new combinations are made: M. nugatorius (Corner) Retn. and M. pangerangensis (Henn.) Retn. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons with similar taxa are presented. Eight names are lectotypified.
BOOK REVIEW [Page 259 - Page 259]
Tropical Forest Scientist. Francis S.P. Ng and FRIM 1964–1991.